Prokaryotic v Eukaryotes Flashcards
Define Eukaryotic
Contains membrane bound organelles and a distinct nucleus
Larger than prokaryotic cells
Define prokaryotic
No nucleus or nuclear envelope
Smaller than eukaryotic
Why are bacteria successful?
They are versatile and adaptable
Name the cell structures found in a prokaryotic cell
cell wall capsule cell surface membrane circular DNA plasmid ribosomes cytoplasm
What is the function of the cell wall in a prokaryotic cell?
Physical barrier to exclude certain substances and protects against osmotic lysis and mechanical damage
What is the cell wall in a prokaryotic cell made from?
Murein
What is the function of the (slime) capsule in a prokaryotic cell?
Protection from other cells and helps other bacteria stick together for protection
What is the function of the cell surface membrane in a prokaryotic cell?
food reserve = glycogen granules and oil droplets
differentially permeable layer controls entry and exit of cells
What is the function of the circular DNA in a prokaryotic cell?
possesses genetic information for replication
What is the function of the plasmid in a prokaryotic cell?
Can reproduce independently
produce enzymes to break down antibiotics
MAY possess genes that aid the survival of bacteria in adverse conditions.
How are plasmids used in science?
Vector in genetic engineering
Name 8 differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells
P= no true nucleus/ E= distinct nucleus
P=(Pro)DNA not associated with proteins/ E= DNA associated with histones
P= may have plasmids/E=no plasmids
P= No membrane bound organelles /E= does
P= no chloroplasts( only some bacterial-chlorophyll within csm/ E= chloroplasts in plants and algae
P= 70S ribosomes /E= 80S ribosomes
P=cell wall made of murien/E= cellulose or chitin
P= may have capsule /E= no capsule
Describe a virus
acellular non-living smaller than bacteria 20-300nm only multiply inside living host cells
List the features of a virus
Matrix Attachment protein lipid envelope capsid reverse transcriptase genetic material
What is the name for cells becoming specialised ?
Cell specialisation/ differentiation
Define tissue
a collection of similar cells that perform a specific function
Describe epithelial cells
found in animals as sheets of cells and line the surface of organs. With a protective or secretory function
Define organ
combination of coordinated tissues to perform a variety of functions with a predominant function
Give 2 examples of organs
Stomach= muscle mix contents, connective tissue hold tissue together, epithelium protect wall and produces secretions
leaf= Xylem, phloem, palisade and spongy mesophyll
Define organ system
group of organs working together to perform a particular function
Give three examples of organ systems
Digestive system= digests and process food
Respiratory system= breathing and gas exchange
Circulatory System= circulates
