ELISA test and HIV Flashcards

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1
Q

What does ELISA stand for?

A

Enzyme linked immunosorbant asssay

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2
Q

What does the ELISA Test, test for?

A

Detects the presence and quantity of a proteins

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3
Q

Describe the steps for the ELISA Test

A

Apply sample to a slide or similar surface to which the antigens attach
Wash several times to remove unattached antigens

Add the antibodies specific to the antigen which binds
Wash surface to remove excess antibody

Add a second antibody that binds to the first which I bound to an enzyme
Wash to remove excess antibody

Add colourless substrate of the Enzyme. Enzyme acts to create a coloured product

Amount of antigen is relative to the intensity of colour

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4
Q

What does HIV stand for?

A

Human Immunodeficiency Virus

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5
Q

Name the parts of the HIV

A
Lipid envelope
attachment proteins
capsid
Rna
matrix
reverse transcriptase
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6
Q

Can HIV replicate?

A

It cannot replicate itself instead it uses the host genetic biochemical mechanism to produce components required for HIV

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7
Q

How does HIV replicate inside the host cells?

A

HIV enters blood steam and attachment proteins bind to CD4 protein usually on T-helper cells

Proteins capsid fuses with cell surface membrane and RNA and Enzyme enter the cell

Reverse transcriptase turns the HIV RNA into DNA. The newly made DNA is inserted into T-Cell nucleus DNA

HIV DNA makes messenger RNA which contains instructions for protein synthesis to make HIV

MRNA passes out of nucleus through nuclear pore

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8
Q

What cells does HIV target and why?

A

Helper T-cells by killing or interfering with their normal function.
The lack of Helper T-cells means memory cells can be infected and destroyed and no Killer T cells or B-cells can be stimulated to produce antibodies.

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9
Q

HIV does not kill directly instead it _______

A

prevents the immune system from functioning properly

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10
Q

How do antibiotics work and why don’t they work on viruses?

A

Antibiotics prevent bacteria from making normal cell walls
water would cause cells to best by murein wall in bac. prevents this.
Antibiotic inhibit enzyme required to synthesis the assemble peptide cross-linkages so cell burst and bac. dies

Virus have a protein coat not murein wall and are within hosts own cells so antibiotics can’t reach them

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