Energy and ATP Flashcards
All energy is transferred from the ___
sun
Define energy
Energy cannot be created or destroyed only change its form
ATP and ADP is a ____ molecule
phosphorylated macromolecule
Adenine + ribose =
Adenosine
Adenine + ribose + 1 phosphate =
Adenosine Monophosphate ( AMP)
Adenine + ribose + 2 phosphate =
Adenosine Diphosphate ( ADP)
Adenine + ribose + 3 phosphate =
Adenosine triphosphate ( ATP)
Describe the bonds between Pi
unstable = low activation energy
when they are broken huge amounts of energy is released
What is the equation for the creation of ADP
HYDROYSIS
ATP + ( H20) -> ADP + Pi + E
CATALYSED BY ATP HYDROLASE
What is the equation for the creation of ADP?
HYDROYSIS
ATP + ( H20) -> ADP + Pi + E
CATALYSED BY ATP HYDROLASE
What is the equation for the creation of ATP?
CONDENSATION REACTION
ADP -> ATP + H20
CATALYSED BY ATP SYNTHASIS
Where does the synthesis of ATP occur?
PHOTOPHOSPHORYLATION
[In chlorophyll- containing cells during photosynthesis]
OXIDATIVE PHOSPHORLATION
[In plant and animal cells during respiration]
SUBSTRATE-LEVEL PHOSPHORLATION
[ In plant and animal cells when phosphate groups from Donor molecules to ADP ]
Which reaction
releases energy
requires energy
releases energy = hydrolysed ATP
requires energy = synthesised ATP
Why is ATP good for its role ?
Immediate energy store (better than glucose)
Each molecule of ATP releases more energy than glucose
Energy = smaller more manageable quantities
Hydrolysis ATP -> ADP = single reaction
Why is ATP a good energy source?
Immediate energy store (better than glucose)
Each molecule of ATP releases more energy than glucose
Energy = smaller more manageable quantities
Hydrolysis ATP -> ADP = single reaction
ATP cannot be ______
stored
Describe the roles of ATP
Metabolic processes = building macromolecules
Movement = Energy for muscle contraction. Filaments of muscle slide past each other and shorten overall length
Active Transport = Change shape of carrier proteins in plasma membrane which allows molecules/ ions to move against the concentration gradient
Secretion= Form Lysomes necessary for the secretion of cell products
Activation of molecules = inorganic phosphate released during the hydrolysis of ATP can phosphorylate other compounds to make then more reactive ( by lowering the activation energy)
Name the roles of ATP
Metabolic processes Movement Active Transport Secretion Activation of molecules
Give two ways in which the hydrolysis of ATP is used in cells
To provide energy for other
reactions/named process
To add phosphate to other
substances and make them more
reactive/change their shape
