circulatory system Flashcards
What determines if there is a specialised transport medium?
the SA: Vol
how active an organism is
What are the common features of a transport system?
suitable medium to carry materials
transported medium is moved in bulk
close system of tubular vessels ( which requires pressure difference)
mechanism the control the flow of the transport medium
What type of system so mammals have?
closed double circulatory system
high body temp and metabolism
What is the name for the vein and artery that connect to the kidneys?
renal vein/artery
Define atrium
thin-walled elastic and stretches as it collects blood
Define ventricle
thicker contracts strongly to pump blood some distance
What is the difference in the right and left ventricle wall and why?
Lv
RV pumps blood only to the heart ( a shorter distance than the LV) so has thinner wall
The thicker wall is needed to create a large amount of pressure.
What are the chambers of the heart and their corresponding valves and vessels?
vena cava pulmonary vein
|———– ———————– ————|
| Right Atrium | Left Atrium |
|————- —————|————- ————-|
|Right ventricle——–|| Left ventricle
|————– ————–||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||| ||||
pulmonary artery aorta
Left Artium - Left ventricle = Bicuspid valvue
Right Atrium - Right ventricles = Tricuspid valve
ventricle - vessel = semi lunar valves
What is the Aorta connect to ( heart chamber) and what does it carry?
Aorta connected to left ventricle
carries oxygenated blood to all body bar the lungs
What is the Vena Cava connect to ( heart chamber) and what does it carry?
Vena Cava connected to Right atrium
bringing deoxygenated blood from the tissues
What is the pulmonary artery connect to ( heart chamber) and what does it carry?
Pulmonary Artery connected to the right ventricle
carries deoxygenated blood to lungs.
What is the pulmonary vein connect to ( heart chamber) and what does it carry?
pulmonary vein connected to the left atrium
brings oxygenated blood back from lungs
What causes a heart attack/myocardial infarction?
the coronary arteries, which supply blood to the heart, can become blocked
so areas of the heart cannot aerobically respire
so die
What increases the risk of getting coronary heart? disease
genetic makeup
smoking
high blood pressure
diet
How many cardiac cycles occur a minute when at rest?
70 times
What is the name for the movement of blood in the heart?
the cardiac cycle
What is the name for the contraction of the heart?
Systole
What is the name of the relaxation of the heart?
Diastole
Name the 3 stages of the cardiac cycle
Diastole ( when the heart relaxes) Atrial Systole (contraction of atria) Ventricular Systole ( contraction of ventricles)
Explain what occurs during diastole
Blood returns to atria via pulmonary vein and vena cava
as the artia fills, the pressure rises till the ap > vp
Atrioventricular valve opens,
blood flows into the ventricle
aided by gravity and the muscular walls relaxed
relaxation of v. walls recoil and reduce pressure
pressure in aorta and pulmonary artery < ventricles
so semi lunar valves shut creating lub sound
Explain what occurs during atrial systole
contraction of atria walls and recoil of relaxed ventricle walls forces remaining blood into ventricles from atria
ventricles remain relaxed
Explain what occurs during ventricular systole
after short delay so ventricles can fill with blood
ventricles walls contract simultaneously
this increases the blood pressure
which forces shut the atrioventricular valves and prevents backflow of blood into atria
the shutting of the valves further increase pressure
when v>a pressure blood is forced out
What is the equation for cardiac output?
include units
heart rate (bpm) x stroke volume (dm3)
