prokaryotic diversity genus charts Flashcards
what are the 5 classes of proteobacteria
alphaproteobacteria
betaproteobacteria
gammaproteobacteria
deltaproteobacteria
epsilonproteobacteria
list some alphaproteobacteria
agrobacterium
bartonella
brucella
caulobacter
ehrlichia
hyphomicrobium
methylocystis
rhizobium
rickettsia
unique characteristics of agrobacterium
plant pathogen, one species, a. tumefaciens, causes tumors in plants
unique characteristics of bartonella
facultative intracellular bacteria, transmitted by lice, fleas, cause trench fever and cat scratch disease inhumans
unique characteristics of brucella
facultative intracellular bacteria, transmitted by contaminated milk from infected cows, cause brucellosis in cattle and humans
unique characteristics of caulobacter
Used in studies on cellular adaptation and differentiation because of its peculiar life cycle (during cell division, forms “swarm” cells and “stalked” cells)
unique characteristics of ehrlichia
Obligatory intracellular bacteria; can be transported from cell to cell; transmitted by ticks; cause ehrlichiosis (destruction of white blood cells and inflammation) in humans and dogs
unique characteristics of hyphomicrobium
Similar to Caulobacter
unique characteristics of methylocystis
Nitrogen-fixing aerobic bacteria
unique characteristics of Rhizobium
Nitrogen-fixing bacteria that live in soil and form symbiotic relationship with roots of legumes (e.g., clover, alfalfa, and beans)
unique characteristics of Rickettsia
Obligate intracellular bacteria; transmitted by ticks; may cause Rocky Mountain spotted fever and typhus, cannot synthesize their own ATP
list betaproteobacteria
bordetella
burkholderia
leptothrix
neisseria
thiobacillus
unique characteristics of bordetella
Aerobic, very fastidious; B. pertussis causes pertussis (whooping cough)
unique characteristics of Burkholderia
Aerobic, aquatic, cause diseases in horses and humans (especially patients with cystic fibrosis); agents of nosocomial infections
unique characteristics of leptothrix
Aquatic; oxidize iron and manganese; can live in wastewater treatment plants and clog pipes
unique characteristics of Neisseria
Require moisture and high concentration of carbon dioxide; oxidase positive, grow on chocolate agar; pathogenic species cause gonorrhea and meningitis
unique characteristics of thiobacillus
Thermophilic, acidophilic, strictly aerobic bacteria; oxidize iron and sulfur
genus that are gammaproteobacteria
beggiatoa
coxiella
enterobacter
erwinia
escherichia
hemophilus
klebsiella
legionella
methylomonas
proteus
pseudomonas
serrate
shigella
vibrio
yersinia
unique characteristics of beggiatoa
Aquatic, live in water with high content of hydrogen disulfide; can cause problems for sewage treatment
unique characteristics of Beggiatoa
Aquatic, live in water with high content of hydrogen disulfide; can cause problems for sewage treatment
unique characteristics of Coxiella
Obligatory intracellular bacteria; cause Q fever; potential for use as biological weapon
unique characteristics of enterobacter
Facultative anaerobe; cause urinary and respiratory tract infections in hospitalized patients; implicated in the pathogenesis of obesity
unique characteristics of Erwinia
Plant pathogen causing leaf spots and discoloration; may digest cellulose; prefer relatively low temperatures (25–30 °C)
unique characteristics of escherichia
Facultative anaerobe; inhabit the gastrointestinal tract of warm-blooded animals; some strains are mutualists, producing vitamin K; others, like serotype E. coli O157:H7, are pathogens; E. coli has been a model organism for many studies in genetics and molecular biology
unique characteristics of Hemophilus
Pleomorphic, may appear as coccobacillus, aerobe, or facultative anaerobe; grow on blood agar; pathogenic species can cause respiratory infections, chancroid, and other diseases
unique characteristics of klebsiella
Facultative anaerobe, encapsulated, nonmotile; pathogenic species may cause pneumonia, especially in people with alcoholism
unique characteristics of legionella
Fastidious, grow on charcoal-buffered yeast extract; L. pneumophila causes Legionnaires disease
unique characteristics of methylomonoas
Use methane as source of carbon and energy
unique characteristics of proteus
Proteus Gram-negative bacillus (pleomorphic) Common inhabitants of the human gastrointestinal tract; motile; produce urease; opportunistic pathogens; may cause urinary tract infections and sepsis
unique characteristics of pseudomonas
Aerobic; versatile; produce yellow and blue pigments, making them appear green in culture; opportunistic, antibiotic-resistant pathogens may cause wound infections, hospital-acquired infections, and secondary infections in patients with cystic fibrosis
unique characteristics of serratia
Motile; may produce red pigment; opportunistic pathogens responsible for a large number of hospital-acquired infections
unique characteristics of shigella
Nonmotile; dangerously pathogenic; produce Shiga toxin, which can destroy cells of the gastrointestinal tract; can cause dysentery
unique characteristics of vibrio
Inhabit seawater; flagellated, motile; may produce toxin that causes hypersecretion of water and electrolytes in the gastrointestinal tract; some species may cause serious wound infections
unique characteristics of yersinia
Carried by rodents; human pathogens; Y. pestis causes bubonic plague and pneumonic plague; Y. enterocolitica can be a pathogen causing diarrhea in humans
unique characteristics of bdellovibrio
Obligate aerobes; motile; parasitic (infecting other bacteria)
unique characteristics of desulfovibrio
Reduce sulfur; can be used for removal of toxic and radioactive waste
unique characteristics of mycobacterium
Live in soil; can move by gliding; used as a model organism for studies of intercellular communication (signaling)
genus’ that belong to deltaproteobacteria
bdellovibrio
desulfovibirio
myxobacterium
what genus belong to epsilonproteobacteria
campylobacter
helicobacter
unique characteristics of campylobacter
Aerobic (microaerophilic); often infects chickens; may infect humans via undercooked meat, causing severe enteritis
unique characteristics of helicobacter
Aerobic (microaerophilic) bacterium; can damage the inner lining of the stomach, causing chronic gastritis, peptic ulcers, and stomach cancer
