prokaryotic diversity genus charts

Question 1

what are the 5 classes of proteobacteria

Answer 1

alphaproteobacteria
betaproteobacteria
gammaproteobacteria
deltaproteobacteria
epsilonproteobacteria

Question 2

list some alphaproteobacteria

Answer 2

agrobacterium
bartonella
brucella
caulobacter
ehrlichia
hyphomicrobium
methylocystis
rhizobium
rickettsia

Question 3

unique characteristics of agrobacterium

Answer 3

plant pathogen, one species, a. tumefaciens, causes tumors in plants

Question 4

unique characteristics of bartonella

Answer 4

facultative intracellular bacteria, transmitted by lice, fleas, cause trench fever and cat scratch disease inhumans

Question 5

unique characteristics of brucella

Answer 5

facultative intracellular bacteria, transmitted by contaminated milk from infected cows, cause brucellosis in cattle and humans

Question 6

unique characteristics of caulobacter

Answer 6

Used in studies on cellular adaptation and differentiation because of its peculiar life cycle (during cell division, forms “swarm” cells and “stalked” cells)

Question 7

unique characteristics of ehrlichia

Answer 7

Obligatory intracellular bacteria; can be transported from cell to cell; transmitted by ticks; cause ehrlichiosis (destruction of white blood cells and inflammation) in humans and dogs

Question 8

unique characteristics of hyphomicrobium

Answer 8

Similar to Caulobacter

Question 9

unique characteristics of methylocystis

Answer 9

Nitrogen-fixing aerobic bacteria

Question 10

unique characteristics of Rhizobium

Answer 10

Nitrogen-fixing bacteria that live in soil and form symbiotic relationship with roots of legumes (e.g., clover, alfalfa, and beans)

Question 11

unique characteristics of Rickettsia

Answer 11

Obligate intracellular bacteria; transmitted by ticks; may cause Rocky Mountain spotted fever and typhus, cannot synthesize their own ATP

Question 12

list betaproteobacteria

Answer 12

bordetella
burkholderia
leptothrix
neisseria
thiobacillus

Question 13

unique characteristics of bordetella

Answer 13

Aerobic, very fastidious; B. pertussis causes pertussis (whooping cough)

Question 14

unique characteristics of Burkholderia

Answer 14

Aerobic, aquatic, cause diseases in horses and humans (especially patients with cystic fibrosis); agents of nosocomial infections

Question 15

unique characteristics of leptothrix

Answer 15

Aquatic; oxidize iron and manganese; can live in wastewater treatment plants and clog pipes

Question 16

unique characteristics of Neisseria

Answer 16

Require moisture and high concentration of carbon dioxide; oxidase positive, grow on chocolate agar; pathogenic species cause gonorrhea and meningitis

Question 17

unique characteristics of thiobacillus

Answer 17

Thermophilic, acidophilic, strictly aerobic bacteria; oxidize iron and sulfur

Question 18

genus that are gammaproteobacteria

Answer 18

beggiatoa
coxiella
enterobacter
erwinia
escherichia
hemophilus
klebsiella
legionella
methylomonas
proteus
pseudomonas
serrate
shigella
vibrio
yersinia

Question 19

unique characteristics of beggiatoa

Answer 19

Aquatic, live in water with high content of hydrogen disulfide; can cause problems for sewage treatment

Question 20

unique characteristics of Beggiatoa

Answer 20

Aquatic, live in water with high content of hydrogen disulfide; can cause problems for sewage treatment

Question 21

unique characteristics of Coxiella

Answer 21

Obligatory intracellular bacteria; cause Q fever; potential for use as biological weapon

Question 22

unique characteristics of enterobacter

Answer 22

Facultative anaerobe; cause urinary and respiratory tract infections in hospitalized patients; implicated in the pathogenesis of obesity

Question 23

unique characteristics of Erwinia

Answer 23

Plant pathogen causing leaf spots and discoloration; may digest cellulose; prefer relatively low temperatures (25–30 °C)

Question 24

unique characteristics of escherichia

Answer 24

Facultative anaerobe; inhabit the gastrointestinal tract of warm-blooded animals; some strains are mutualists, producing vitamin K; others, like serotype E. coli O157:H7, are pathogens; E. coli has been a model organism for many studies in genetics and molecular biology

Question 25

unique characteristics of Hemophilus

Answer 25

Pleomorphic, may appear as coccobacillus, aerobe, or facultative anaerobe; grow on blood agar; pathogenic species can cause respiratory infections, chancroid, and other diseases

Question 26

unique characteristics of klebsiella

Answer 26

Facultative anaerobe, encapsulated, nonmotile; pathogenic species may cause pneumonia, especially in people with alcoholism

Question 27

unique characteristics of legionella

Answer 27

Fastidious, grow on charcoal-buffered yeast extract; L. pneumophila causes Legionnaires disease

Question 28

unique characteristics of methylomonoas

Answer 28

Use methane as source of carbon and energy

Question 29

unique characteristics of proteus

Answer 29

Proteus Gram-negative bacillus (pleomorphic) Common inhabitants of the human gastrointestinal tract; motile; produce urease; opportunistic pathogens; may cause urinary tract infections and sepsis

Question 30

unique characteristics of pseudomonas

Answer 30

Aerobic; versatile; produce yellow and blue pigments, making them appear green in culture; opportunistic, antibiotic-resistant pathogens may cause wound infections, hospital-acquired infections, and secondary infections in patients with cystic fibrosis

Question 31

unique characteristics of serratia

Answer 31

Motile; may produce red pigment; opportunistic pathogens responsible for a large number of hospital-acquired infections

Question 32

unique characteristics of shigella

Answer 32

Nonmotile; dangerously pathogenic; produce Shiga toxin, which can destroy cells of the gastrointestinal tract; can cause dysentery

Question 33

unique characteristics of vibrio

Answer 33

Inhabit seawater; flagellated, motile; may produce toxin that causes hypersecretion of water and electrolytes in the gastrointestinal tract; some species may cause serious wound infections

Question 34

unique characteristics of yersinia

Answer 34

Carried by rodents; human pathogens; Y. pestis causes bubonic plague and pneumonic plague; Y. enterocolitica can be a pathogen causing diarrhea in humans

Question 35

unique characteristics of bdellovibrio

Answer 35

Obligate aerobes; motile; parasitic (infecting other bacteria)

Question 36

unique characteristics of desulfovibrio

Answer 36

Reduce sulfur; can be used for removal of toxic and radioactive waste

Question 37

unique characteristics of mycobacterium

Answer 37

Live in soil; can move by gliding; used as a model organism for studies of intercellular communication (signaling)

Question 38

genus' that belong to deltaproteobacteria

Answer 38

bdellovibrio desulfovibirio myxobacterium

Question 39

what genus belong to epsilonproteobacteria

Answer 39

campylobacter helicobacter

Question 40

unique characteristics of campylobacter

Answer 40

Aerobic (microaerophilic); often infects chickens; may infect humans via undercooked meat, causing severe enteritis

Question 41

unique characteristics of helicobacter

Answer 41

Aerobic (microaerophilic) bacterium; can damage the inner lining of the stomach, causing chronic gastritis, peptic ulcers, and stomach cancer