Prokaryotic Cells Flashcards
What are prokaryotic cells?
Cells which contain NO membrane bound organelles
Naked DNA not within a nucleus
What is a eukaryotic cell?
A cell whose DNA is held in a nucleus
What is a capsule ?
A capsule contains TOXINS and is involved in the protection of the bacteria (e.g. It stops it from being engulfed by white blood cells)
What are ribosomes?
They’re involved in protein synthesis
What is plasmid ?
A small C I R C U L A R piece of DNA which carries genes in addition to the main genetic information. Several plasmids can be present.
E.g. Plasmid can create genes which code for antibiotic resistance
What is flagellum ?
Flagellum allows locomotion of the bacteria
Flagellum is only found in SOME bacteria
What is the cell wall?
Made of PEPTID O GLYCAN in bacteria
The cell wall stops cell bursting if it takes in water by osmosis
And holds cell in place
What is circular DNA?
- carries genetic information
- circular DNA is not contained in a nucleus
- sometimes referred to as a chromosome
Do bacterium have cytoplasms?
YES
What is the plasma membrane or cell surface membrane made from?
Plasma membrane is made of PHOSPHOLIPIDS
The plasma membrane controls what molecules go into or out of the cell
What do sperm and bacteria both have to aid locomotion?
Sperm and bacteria both have flagellum how ever they have different structures
What are pili?
Pili are used by bacteria to attach to other CELLS or SURFACES
Pili are involved in sexual reproduction
What is mesosome?
Mesosome is the infolding of plasma membrane
- involved in ATP production
Can bacteria have infolding of plasma membrane?
YES
What structures are always present in bacteria’s prokaryotic cells?
- plasma membrane
- circular DNA
- cytoplasm
- ribosome
- cell wall
