Inorganic Ions

Question 1

Calcium Ca2+

Answer 1

• increases rigidity of bone/teeth/cartilage and is a component of the exoskeleton of crustaceans
• important in clotting blood and muscle contractions
• activator for several enzymes
• helps regulate the transmission of nerve impulses
• helps regulate the permeability of cell membranes

Question 2

Sodium Na+

Answer 2

• contributes to nerve transmission
• regulation of osmotic pressure
• maintenance of pH
• affects absorption of carbohydrates in the intestine and the absorption of water in the kidney
• constituent of vacuole in plants - maintain turgidity

Question 3

Potassium K+

Answer 3

• K+ is a component of VACUOLES in plants
  Which help to maintain turgidity
• K+ contributes to nerve transmission
• K+ involved in control of water levels in body fluid and maintenance of pH
  JUST LIKE SODIUM
• Potassium ions must be present in order for photosynthesis and respiration enzymes to work in plants
• K+ helps generate healthy leaves and flowers

Question 4

Hydrogen H+

Answer 4

Involved in photosynthesis and respiration
Involved in the transport of oxygen and carbon dioxide in the blood
Involved in the regulation of blood pH

Question 5

Ammonium NH4+

Answer 5

• ammonium is a component of AMINO ACIDS PROTEINS VITAMINS CHLOROPHYLL
• essential component of nucleic acids
  Involved in pH maintenance
  Component of the nitrogen cycle

Question 6

Nitrate NO3-

Answer 6

• a component of the nitrogen cycle
• A component of amino acids/proteins/vitamins/chlorophyll
• An essential component of nucleic bases

Question 7

Hydrogencarbonate HCO3-

Answer 7

• HCO3- is important in the transport of CARBON DIOXIDE into and out of the blood ➡️⬅️
• HCO3- is involved in regulation of blood pH

Question 8

Chloride Cl-

Answer 8

• Chlorine helps in the production of urine in the kidney and maintaining water balance
• chlorine is used to –> hydroCHLORIC acid in the stomach
• chlorine is involved in the regulation of blood pH
• chlorine regulated the affinity of haemoglobin to oxygen through allosteric affects on the haemoglobin

Question 9

Phosphate PO4 3-

Answer 9

• phosphate is a component of phospholipids ATP nucleic acid many important enzymes
• regulation of blood pH
• increases rigidity of bones teeth cartilage and is a component of the exoskeletons of crustaceans

Question 10

Hydroxide OH-

Answer 10

REGULATION OF BLOOD pH