Prokaryotic Cells Flashcards
What type of ribosomes do prokaryotes have
70S—> 50S and 30S subunits
spherical bacteria is called ______
cocci
rod-shaped bacteria is called ____
Bacilli
bacteria with twisted or spiral shape
Spirilla
comma shaped bacteria is called
vibrios
organisms that need oxygen for respiration are called
obligate aerobes
organisms that use oxygen if it is available but can respire and survive without it are called
facultative anaerobes
organisms that can only respire in the absence of oxygen and are killed by oxygen are called
obligate anaerobes
difference in the staining of gram positive and gram negative bacteria
gram NEGATIVE-> no teichoic acid in cell walls (Thin layer of peptidoglycan).They stain RED with gram staining.
gram POSITIVE-> have teichoic acid in peptidoglycan of cell walls. They stain purple/blue with gram staining
what are plasmids
small circular pieces of DNA that code for specific aspects of the bacterial phenotype
the ________ is the area in the bacterium where the single length of coiled DNA can be found
the NUCLEOID is the area in the bacterium where the single length of coiled DNA can be found
The __________ are infoldings of the cell membrane of bacteria
The mesosomes are infoldings of the cell membrane of bacteria
purpose of capsule around cell wall in prokaryotic cells
makes it easier for bacterium to be pathogenic:
Protects from phagocytosis by WBC
Covers cell markers making it harder for them to be identified by the immune system.
what are pili/fimbriae and what is their purpose
protein projection from the surface of bacterium cells
> < for attachment to host cells
< for sexual reproduction
what is a flagella
Stranded helices of contractile protein. They move the bacteria by fast rotations
