Eukaryotic cell division-mitosis

Question 1

MITOSIS takes place in sexual/asexual reproduction

Answer 1

MITOSIS takes place in asexual reproduction

Question 2

MEIOSIS takes place in sexual/asexual reproduction

Answer 2

MEIOSIS takes place in sexual reproduction

Question 3

when and how do chromosomes become visible

Answer 3

when the cell is dividing chromosomes condense becoming shorter and denser. They retain stain better.

DNA wraps around proteins called histones.
this forms clusters called nucleosomes

Question 4

define a nucleosome

Answer 4

dense clusters of DNA that wound around histones

Question 5

define karyotype

Answer 5

a way of displaying an image of chromosomes of a cell to show the pairs autosomes and sex chromosomes.

Question 6

state the 3 stages of the cell cycle

Answer 6

interphase
mitosis
Cytokinesis

Question 7

Describe the purpose of Cyclins

Answer 7

Cyclins are small proteins that build up during interphase and are involved in the control of the cell cycle by attaching to cyclin dependent kinases. When a complex is formed it can phosphorylate other proteins once activated by the cyclins.

Question 8

define a chromatid

Answer 8

one strand of the replicated chromosome pair that is joined to the other chromatid at the centromere

Question 9

Describe what happens in prophase

Answer 9

chromosomes are coiled up, consisting of daughter chromatids joined by the centromere. The nucleolus breaks down

Question 10

Describe what happens during Metaphase

Answer 10

the spindle of overlapping protein microtubules forms and the chromatids line up on the metaphase plate

Question 11

Describe what happens during Anaphase

Answer 11

Centromeres split so the chromatids become new chromosomes. They are moved to opposite poles of the cell, centromeres first, by contraction of the microtubules of the spindle

Question 12

Describe what happens during telophase

Answer 12

a nuclear membrane forms around the 2 sets of chromosomes, the chromosomes unravel and spindle breaks down

Question 13

define binary fission

Answer 13

the splitting of one individual to form 2 new individuals as a result of mitosis

Question 14

define sporulation

Answer 14

the process involving mitosis in the production of asexual spores that can grow into new individuals

Question 15

define regeneration

Answer 15

the use of mitosis to regrow body parts that had been lost

Question 16

define fragmentation

Answer 16

the use of mitosis to regenerate a whole organism from a fragment of the original.

Question 17

define budding

Answer 17

the production by mitosis of an outgrown from the parent organism that develops into a small independent organism

Question 18

define vegetative propagation

Answer 18

the process by which a plant forms a structure by mitosis that develops into a fully differentiated, genetically identical new plant.

Question 19

define parthenogenesis

Answer 19

the process by which an unfertilized egg cell develops into a new individual

Question 20

The most accurate way to measure mass is _______

Answer 20

dry mass= mass of the organism with all the water drained from them

Question 21

growth in plants takes place in which part of the plant

Answer 21

Meristems

Question 22

Describe the stages of the cell cycle

Answer 22

G1-organelles replicate, transcription/translation, size of cell increases

S-synthesis phase=DNA synthesis, chromosomes replicated

G2-energy stores replaced, transcription/translation, chromosome repair, size of cell increases

M- mitotic phase separated into mitosis and cytokinesis