Prokaryotic cells Flashcards
Describe a prokaryotic organism:
Always unicellular (single celled), can be classified as archaea or bacteria
What are the key facts of prokaryotes?
Always extremophiles, DNA isn’t in nucleus, don’t have any membrane bound organelles
What is a prokaryote made up of?
Capsule, cell wall, plasma membrane, nucleoid (dna), cytoplasm, ribosomes, plasmid, and flagellum
How is DNA in prokaryotes different to eukaryotes?
Prokaryotes = Circular chromosome, found in 1 molecule, not associated with histone proteins
Eukaryotes = Linear, associated with histone proteins, linear + arranged in multiple chromosomes
Does a eukaryotic cell or a prokaryotic cell have plasmids?
Prokaryotic
What is the cell wall in a prokaryote made of?
Peptidoglycan, also known as murein
Where is the DNA in a prokaryote?
In the nucleoid
Where are ribosomes found in prokaryotes compared to eukaryotes?
In the cytoplasm, whereas eukaryotes have them on the RER. They’re smaller in prokaryotic cells than eukaryotic cells
Does a prokaryote have a cytoskeleton?
No, since organelles aren’t membrane bound so the cytoskeleton cant hold them in place
What is the reproduction process in prokaryotic cells?
Binary fission - bacteria division
Are eukaryotes unicellular or multicellular?
Multicellular
How is a prokaryote flagella different to a eukaryote flagella?
They’re thinner, don’t have 9 + 2 arrangement, a basal body attaches flagellum to cell surface membrane, and energy to rotate flagellum supplied by chemiosmosis not ATP
