The cytoskeleton Flashcards
What is the cytoskeleton?
A network of fibres necessary for the shape + stability of a cell
What are the purposes of the cytoskeleton?
To hold organelles in place, cell movement, and movement of organelles within the cell
Where is it found?
Throughout cytoplasm of all eukaryotic cells
What are the 3 types of fibres that the cytoskeleton is made of?
Microtubules, intermediate filaments, and microfilaments (largest to smallest)
Explain the structure of a microtubule:
Tubulin proteins polymerise to form tubes. Form a scaffold-like structure
Explain the function of a microtubule:
Tracks movement of organelles within. Spindle fibres are involved in chromosome segregation
Explain the structure of intermediate filaments:
Composed of proteins
What is the function of an intermediate filament?
To give mechanical strength to cells + help maintain integrity
What is the structure of a microfilament?
Contratile fibres formed from the protein called actin
What are the functions of microfilaments?
Cell movement + contraction during cytokinesis
What are centrioles?
A component of the cytoskeleton made of microtubules. Found in cytoplasm of animal cells only
What is the function of centrioles?
Assembly + organisation of spindle fibres during cell division
What are the other components made of cytoskeletal fibres?
Flagella and cilia
Describe flagella:
Whip-like, involved in motility
Describe cilia:
Hair-like structures. Smaller + often numerous. Mobile + stationary - beat rhythmically + causes surroundings to move
