Prokaryotes

Question 1

structures

Answer 1

• cell wall
• plasma membrane
• nucleoid
• mesosome
• thylakoids
• pilli
• plasmoid
• cytoplasm
• flagellum
• 70S ribosomes
• capsule

Question 2

cell wall

Answer 2

• provides shape
• allows the cell to withstand turgor pressure without bursting
• principal component of it is peptidoglycan

Question 3

plasma membrane

Answer 3

• controls transport in/out of the cell

Question 4

nucleoid

Answer 4

• region where circular, naken prokaryotic DNA is situated
• usually paler in micrographs because containing carbohydrates and nucleotides

Question 5

mesosome

Answer 5

• infoldings of the plasma membrane
• site of CR

Question 6

thylakoids

Answer 6

• site of photosynthesis

Question 7

pilli

Answer 7

• adhesion to the surface
• the exchange of DNA between cells (sexual reproduction - bacterial conjugation, genetically changing another cell, male and female bacterium, cytoplasmic bridge)

Question 8

plasmoid

Answer 8

• additional genetic info
• promotes variation

Question 9

cytoplasm

Answer 9

= cytosol, fluid substance, site of all metabolic reactions
- contains enzymes that catalyze many metabolic reactions
- has a high protein content (dark in EM micrographs)

Question 10

flagellum

Answer 10

• thread that moves the cell by propelling it through its aqueous environment

Question 11

prokaryotic cells lack…

Answer 11

…membrane-enclosed organelles

Question 12

prokaryotic cells cannot…

Answer 12

…specialize

Question 13

prokaryotic cells divide by ___. Explain the process.

Answer 13

binary fission
- in ideal conditions happens every 20 minutes
- phospholipids get added to the existing plasma membrane
- the offspring produced is genetically identical to the parent cell - cloning is a type of asexual reproduction