Prokaryotes

Question 1

Acquire the energy stored in chemical bonds, typically through eating

Answer 1

Chemotroph

Question 2

Don’t require, but aren’t adversely affected by oxygen

Answer 2

Aerotolerant Anaerobe

Question 3

Grow in the presence or absence of oxygen

Answer 3

Facultative Anaerobe

Question 4

Must intake organic carbon from their environments through eating

Answer 4

Heterotroph

Question 5

Require oxygen to carry out cellular respiration

Answer 5

Obligate Aerobe

Question 6

Use sunlight to generate energy

Answer 6

phototroph

Question 7

Will die in the presence of oxygen

Answer 7

Obligate Anaerobe

Question 8

Able to use inorganic carbon dioxide in the air as their carbon source

Answer 8

Autotroph

Question 9

Halophiles, including the Halobacteriales

Answer 9

Euryarchaeota

Question 10

Thermophiles, including Thermodiscus and Thermofilum species

Answer 10

Crenarchaeota

Question 11

Methanophiles, including Methanopyrales and Methanococcales species

Answer 11

Euryarchaeota

Question 12

Sulfanogens, including Desulfurococcus and Sulfolobus species

Answer 12

Crenarchaeota

Question 13

Provides structural rigidity and gives the cell its shape

Answer 13

peptidoglycan cell wall

Question 14

Allows for conjunction and attachment

Answer 14

Pili

Question 15

A hard, slippery glycocalyx that allows evasion from engulfment by phagocytic white blood cells

Answer 15

Capsule

Question 16

Allows spirochetes to twist through viscous fluid and tissue

Answer 16

axial filaments

Question 17

A hardened DNA capsule that can resist heat, radiation and antiseptics

Answer 17

Endospore

Question 18

A loose, sticky glycocalyx that aids in th formation of biofilms

Answer 18

slime layer

Question 19

A secretion of slime that surrounds multiple bacterial cells and protects them from heat, antibiotics, the immune system and other treats

Answer 19

Biofilm

Question 20

Photosynthetic and nonpathogenic. These bacteria were for generating a large amount of the oxygen in our atmosphere

Answer 20

Cyanobacteria

Question 21

Have a high number of GC pairs in their DNA and are gram positive. They have an elaborate, branched morphology. Acid fast bacteria (Mycobacterium tuberculosis)

Answer 21

Actinobacteria

Question 22

Frequently associated with STDs, these bacteria are a diverse group of obligate intracellular pathogens. Unable to carry out metabolism, they are dependent upon host cells for ATP

Answer 22

Chlamydias

Question 23

Have an elaborate spiral structure and move using axial filaments. Syphilis and Lyme disease are caused by organism s from this group

Answer 23

Spirochaetes

Question 24

Have low GC pairs in the DNA and are Gram positive ( endospore forming)

Answer 24

Firmicutes

Question 25

The most diverse group, and include both gram positive and gram negative.

Answer 25

Proteobacteria

Question 26

Not a true bacterial phylum, this domain includes many ancient organisms. These prokaryotes are evolved to living in diverse and physiologically demanding environments

Answer 26

Archaea

Question 27

Treponema pallidum

Answer 27

syphilis

Question 28

Yersenia pestis

Answer 28

Bubonic or Black Plague

Question 29

Borrelia burgdorferi

Answer 29

Lyme Disease

Question 30

Mycobacteria species

Answer 30

Leprosy and Tuberculosis

Question 31

Clostridium perfringens

Answer 31

gas gangrene

Question 32

Bacillus anthracis

Answer 32

Anthrax

Question 33

Clostridium botulinum

Answer 33

Botulism

Question 34

First person to use the term "cell" after observing repeating until in tree bark

Answer 34

Hooke

Question 35

Performed experiments on beer and wine and hypothesized that microorganisms that cause food spoilage may also cause human disease

Answer 35

Pasteur

Question 36

Discovered that hand washing prior to delivering a baby could greatly reduce mortality and morbidity of both mother and child

Answer 36

Semmelweis

Question 37

Proved the germ theory of disease after studying the transmission of cutaneous anthrax in livestock

Answer 37

Koch

Question 38

Developed antiseptic chemicals to decrease the spread of infectious disease

Answer 38

Lister

Question 39

Considered the "father of microbiology" used a simple microscope to observe organisms living in pond water, calling theme Animalcules

Answer 39

Leeuwenhoek

Question 40

Developed and comcercialized the first antibiotic, Penicillin in 1929

Answer 40

Flemming

Question 41

Exogenous DNA from destroyed bacterial cells can be taken up by competent , living bacterial cells

Answer 41

Transformation

Question 42

Living bacterial cells can use a plus to exchange a copy of plasmid with another living cell

Answer 42

Conjugation

Question 43

Living bacterial cells can be infected by bacteriophage viruses, and the prophage DNA can accidentally transfer bacterial DNA to a future bacterial cell

Answer 43

Transduction

Question 44

One bacterium can self-synthesize a new stand of DNA and carry out multiplication via cell division

Answer 44

Binary Fission

Question 45

The ability of bacteria to determine the density of cells around them as a means of coordinating their actions

Answer 45

Quorum Sensing