Prokaryotes Flashcards
Acquire the energy stored in chemical bonds, typically through eating
Chemotroph
Don’t require, but aren’t adversely affected by oxygen
Aerotolerant Anaerobe
Grow in the presence or absence of oxygen
Facultative Anaerobe
Must intake organic carbon from their environments through eating
Heterotroph
Require oxygen to carry out cellular respiration
Obligate Aerobe
Use sunlight to generate energy
phototroph
Will die in the presence of oxygen
Obligate Anaerobe
Able to use inorganic carbon dioxide in the air as their carbon source
Autotroph
Halophiles, including the Halobacteriales
Euryarchaeota
Thermophiles, including Thermodiscus and Thermofilum species
Crenarchaeota
Methanophiles, including Methanopyrales and Methanococcales species
Euryarchaeota
Sulfanogens, including Desulfurococcus and Sulfolobus species
Crenarchaeota
Provides structural rigidity and gives the cell its shape
peptidoglycan cell wall
Allows for conjunction and attachment
Pili
A hard, slippery glycocalyx that allows evasion from engulfment by phagocytic white blood cells
Capsule
Allows spirochetes to twist through viscous fluid and tissue
axial filaments
A hardened DNA capsule that can resist heat, radiation and antiseptics
Endospore
A loose, sticky glycocalyx that aids in th formation of biofilms
slime layer
A secretion of slime that surrounds multiple bacterial cells and protects them from heat, antibiotics, the immune system and other treats
Biofilm
Photosynthetic and nonpathogenic. These bacteria were for generating a large amount of the oxygen in our atmosphere
Cyanobacteria
Have a high number of GC pairs in their DNA and are gram positive. They have an elaborate, branched morphology. Acid fast bacteria (Mycobacterium tuberculosis)
Actinobacteria
Frequently associated with STDs, these bacteria are a diverse group of obligate intracellular pathogens. Unable to carry out metabolism, they are dependent upon host cells for ATP
Chlamydias
Have an elaborate spiral structure and move using axial filaments. Syphilis and Lyme disease are caused by organism s from this group
Spirochaetes
Have low GC pairs in the DNA and are Gram positive ( endospore forming)
Firmicutes
The most diverse group, and include both gram positive and gram negative.
Proteobacteria
Not a true bacterial phylum, this domain includes many ancient organisms. These prokaryotes are evolved to living in diverse and physiologically demanding environments
Archaea
Treponema pallidum
syphilis
Yersenia pestis
Bubonic or Black Plague
Borrelia burgdorferi
Lyme Disease
Mycobacteria species
Leprosy and Tuberculosis
Clostridium perfringens
gas gangrene
Bacillus anthracis
Anthrax
Clostridium botulinum
Botulism
First person to use the term “cell” after observing repeating until in tree bark
Hooke
Performed experiments on beer and wine and hypothesized that microorganisms that cause food spoilage may also cause human disease
Pasteur
Discovered that hand washing prior to delivering a baby could greatly reduce mortality and morbidity of both mother and child
Semmelweis
Proved the germ theory of disease after studying the transmission of cutaneous anthrax in livestock
Koch
Developed antiseptic chemicals to decrease the spread of infectious disease
Lister
Considered the “father of microbiology” used a simple microscope to observe organisms living in pond water, calling theme Animalcules
Leeuwenhoek
Developed and comcercialized the first antibiotic, Penicillin in 1929
Flemming
Exogenous DNA from destroyed bacterial cells can be taken up by competent , living bacterial cells
Transformation
Living bacterial cells can use a plus to exchange a copy of plasmid with another living cell
Conjugation
Living bacterial cells can be infected by bacteriophage viruses, and the prophage DNA can accidentally transfer bacterial DNA to a future bacterial cell
Transduction
One bacterium can self-synthesize a new stand of DNA and carry out multiplication via cell division
Binary Fission
The ability of bacteria to determine the density of cells around them as a means of coordinating their actions
Quorum Sensing
