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Bio 2 > Prokaryotes > Flashcards

Prokaryotes Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Acquire the energy stored in chemical bonds, typically through eating

A

Chemotroph

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2
Q

Don’t require, but aren’t adversely affected by oxygen

A

Aerotolerant Anaerobe

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3
Q

Grow in the presence or absence of oxygen

A

Facultative Anaerobe

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4
Q

Must intake organic carbon from their environments through eating

A

Heterotroph

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5
Q

Require oxygen to carry out cellular respiration

A

Obligate Aerobe

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6
Q

Use sunlight to generate energy

A

phototroph

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7
Q

Will die in the presence of oxygen

A

Obligate Anaerobe

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8
Q

Able to use inorganic carbon dioxide in the air as their carbon source

A

Autotroph

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9
Q

Halophiles, including the Halobacteriales

A

Euryarchaeota

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10
Q

Thermophiles, including Thermodiscus and Thermofilum species

A

Crenarchaeota

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11
Q

Methanophiles, including Methanopyrales and Methanococcales species

A

Euryarchaeota

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12
Q

Sulfanogens, including Desulfurococcus and Sulfolobus species

A

Crenarchaeota

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13
Q

Provides structural rigidity and gives the cell its shape

A

peptidoglycan cell wall

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14
Q

Allows for conjunction and attachment

A

Pili

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15
Q

A hard, slippery glycocalyx that allows evasion from engulfment by phagocytic white blood cells

A

Capsule

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16
Q

Allows spirochetes to twist through viscous fluid and tissue

A

axial filaments

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17
Q

A hardened DNA capsule that can resist heat, radiation and antiseptics

A

Endospore

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18
Q

A loose, sticky glycocalyx that aids in th formation of biofilms

A

slime layer

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19
Q

A secretion of slime that surrounds multiple bacterial cells and protects them from heat, antibiotics, the immune system and other treats

A

Biofilm

20
Q

Photosynthetic and nonpathogenic. These bacteria were for generating a large amount of the oxygen in our atmosphere

A

Cyanobacteria

21
Q

Have a high number of GC pairs in their DNA and are gram positive. They have an elaborate, branched morphology. Acid fast bacteria (Mycobacterium tuberculosis)

A

Actinobacteria

22
Q

Frequently associated with STDs, these bacteria are a diverse group of obligate intracellular pathogens. Unable to carry out metabolism, they are dependent upon host cells for ATP

A

Chlamydias

23
Q

Have an elaborate spiral structure and move using axial filaments. Syphilis and Lyme disease are caused by organism s from this group

A

Spirochaetes

24
Q

Have low GC pairs in the DNA and are Gram positive ( endospore forming)

A

Firmicutes

25
Q

The most diverse group, and include both gram positive and gram negative.

A

Proteobacteria

26
Q

Not a true bacterial phylum, this domain includes many ancient organisms. These prokaryotes are evolved to living in diverse and physiologically demanding environments

A

Archaea

27
Q

Treponema pallidum

A

syphilis

28
Q

Yersenia pestis

A

Bubonic or Black Plague

29
Q

Borrelia burgdorferi

A

Lyme Disease

30
Q

Mycobacteria species

A

Leprosy and Tuberculosis

31
Q

Clostridium perfringens

A

gas gangrene

32
Q

Bacillus anthracis

A

Anthrax

33
Q

Clostridium botulinum

A

Botulism

34
Q

First person to use the term “cell” after observing repeating until in tree bark

A

Hooke

35
Q

Performed experiments on beer and wine and hypothesized that microorganisms that cause food spoilage may also cause human disease

A

Pasteur

36
Q

Discovered that hand washing prior to delivering a baby could greatly reduce mortality and morbidity of both mother and child

A

Semmelweis

37
Q

Proved the germ theory of disease after studying the transmission of cutaneous anthrax in livestock

A

Koch

38
Q

Developed antiseptic chemicals to decrease the spread of infectious disease

A

Lister

39
Q

Considered the “father of microbiology” used a simple microscope to observe organisms living in pond water, calling theme Animalcules

A

Leeuwenhoek

40
Q

Developed and comcercialized the first antibiotic, Penicillin in 1929

A

Flemming

41
Q

Exogenous DNA from destroyed bacterial cells can be taken up by competent , living bacterial cells

A

Transformation

42
Q

Living bacterial cells can use a plus to exchange a copy of plasmid with another living cell

A

Conjugation

43
Q

Living bacterial cells can be infected by bacteriophage viruses, and the prophage DNA can accidentally transfer bacterial DNA to a future bacterial cell

A

Transduction

44
Q

One bacterium can self-synthesize a new stand of DNA and carry out multiplication via cell division

A

Binary Fission

45
Q

The ability of bacteria to determine the density of cells around them as a means of coordinating their actions

A

Quorum Sensing

Bio 2 (11 decks)

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