Processes in school Flashcards
Who developed labelling theory and what is it?
Developed by Howard Becker
Teachers apply labels to students in relation to their ability, potential or behaviour- positive or negative
Who came up with educational triage and what is it?
Developed by Gilborn and Youdell
Triage into:
Achieve anyway (and therefore don’t require too much input),
Hopeless cases (who would be a waste of effort) Borderline cases who require attention and input to get their 5 Cs at GCSE
Could be seen as a connection between education policy (e.g. marketisation policies like league tables) and processes within schools, such as labelling.
What is the classroom study?
Rosenthal and Jacobson 1968,
Labelled students as bloomers chosen at random and found that teachers spent more time and effort on thee students
What is self fulfilling prophecy?
If a label is applied for long enough, it will stick
What is a subculture?
A group which has its own set of values and its own culture: pro or anti-school
What are 2 studies relating to pro-school subcultures?
Margret Fuller- black female groups labelled as failures. They then worked hard to prove their teachers wrong, shows that students have the ability to ignore these labels
Mac an Ghail1994- found two different types of pro-school subculture in his participant observation study:
The academic achievers – mostly from skilled manual, working-class background and sought to achieve academic success by focusing on traditional academic subjects such as English, Maths and the sciences.
The new enterprisers – typically from working-class background and rejected the traditional academic curriculum, which they saw as a waste of time, but were motivated to study subjects such as business and computing and were able to achieve upward mobility by exploiting school-industry links to their advantage.
What is the study relating to anti-school subcultures?
Paul Willis (1977) – ‘Learning to Labour’ study. Willis observed 12 working-class lads who saw school and academic learning as pointless to their future lives as manual workers. They therefore resented school and spent their time messing around and resisting to learn anything. Status was earned within the group by disrupting lessons and doing as little work as possible. The lads defined the typically middle-class students who obeyed the school rules as ‘earoles’ because they were always listening to the teachers, they saw these students and academic work as effeminate, in contrast to their identification with ‘proper’ masculine working-class manual labour.
What is setting?
Allocating pupils into groupings based on ability for different subjects; a student may be in set 1 for English and set 3 for Maths.
What is streaming?
Allocating pupils into groupings based on ability which they are in for all subjects.
Effects of setting and streaming? AO2/AO3AN
Ball 1981- W/C pupils are more likely to be placed into lower sets regardless of ability. Teachers have low expectancy. those in higher sets were praised more often
Keddie 1971- teachers simplified materials for lower sets like common sense not what would be useful in exams
Gilborn and Youdell 1999- pupils in lower sets were denied access to sit higher tier exams resulting in GCSE grades no higher than a C, this made vid difficult for them to progress onto higher courses outside of school
What is the Ideal pupil?
Becker, White, MC, and a girl
Hard working, concentrates, stays out of trouble
