Gender Flashcards
What is the statistic that shows the difference in achievement between girls and boys in GCSE’s?
46.6% of girls achieved both English and Maths at grade 5 or above, compared to only 40.0% of boys, and girls are much more likely to be entered for the Ebacc than boys (45.9% compared to 34.3%)
What did Sue sharpe say?
1974, girls prioritised marriage
1994 girls prioritised success
What are some internal factors affecting gender and achievement? AO1
Educational policies
Role models
Assessments
Teacher interaction
Gender stereotypes
Marketisation policies
What are some educational policies and why are they important?
GIST/WISE
AO3AN- greater opportunities for girls, gives them an aim to push for
AOEV- mixed classes, room for sexual harassment or bullying by male peers and may even lead to girl dropping the subject
Why are role models important in gender and achievement?
82% of primary teachers were female in 2019
AO3AN- females have have far more educational role models to look up to than males
Why are the way assessments are took important?
What did Browne say?
Browne found that girls are more successful in coursework and oral exams due to them being more organised
A03AN- allows for more success and gender gap in education
AO3EV- however, leaves boys behind to fail (Gorard) but, scrapped coursework in 2010 and there is still a huge gap
Why is teacher interaction and the ideal pupil important?
What did Spender find?
Spender found that teacher spend more time with boys than with girls
AO3AN- Boys aren’t considered to be the ideal pupil due to anti-school subcultures
AO3EV- French argued that the time spent with the boys was mostly negative and girls was mostly positive
AO3EV- Epstein says WC lads were labelled ‘sissies’ and ‘swots’ if they were seen to be trying in school therefore it is a class issue not gender difference in education
Why are gender stereotypes important?
Removal of gender stereotypes from textbooks which was previously a barrier in achievement
AO3AN- helped girls achievement, gave them individuality and no longer seen as a housewife or stay at home mum
AO3EV- radical feminists would say the system is still patriarchal and a mans world
Why are marketisation policies important?
What did Jackson say?
Jackson notes that league tables place higher value on academic achievement and has improved opportunities for girls as high-achieving girls are sought after by top schools whereas low-achieving boys are not
A03AN- provides competition in schools with others
AO3EV- boys are left to ‘normal schools’ could make them angry at girls, encourage sexism and bullying
AO3EV- it is a class issue due to MC being the ideal pupil- Gerwitz
What are the external factors affecting gender and achievement?
Impact of Feminism and changing girls’ ambitions
Changes in family
Changes in women’s employment
Socialisation and ‘bedroom culture
Why is the change in women’s lives and employment important?
AO2- protests, social policies, equal pay act, divorce reform act, breaking of glass ceiling, changed priorities, opportunities, DEINDUSTRIALISATION
AO3AN- education is less stereotyped subjects, female teachers increased (role models) league tables
AO3EV- might not be a key factor because of laddish subcultures, it is more internally where the issues lie.
What did Francis and Skelton say?
(2005) found that jobs with a predominantly female workforce, increasingly require degree-level qualifications (e.g. nursing, teaching and occupational therapy). This provides incentives for women to continue in post-compulsory education
Why is feminism important?
What did Sue Sharpe find?
What did Wilkinson find/
AO2- Sue Sharpe just like a girl 1974 girls’ priorities were marriage, by 1996 they’d switched to success
Led to Wilkinson’s ‘genderquake’ increasing ambitions of young women under the age of 35 towards the labour market.
AO3AN- More career options, (crisis of masculinity, Mac an Ghail) men have less opportunities- deindustrialisation- their role in society is under threat
AO3EV- radical feminists- education is still patriarchal no matter how driven women are, they will still only get so far in the patriarchal system
Why are the changes in the family so important?
AO2- Increase in divorce rates/cohabitation/single parents. These facts have increased number of women being the head of the house
AO3AN- role models influence hard work to become financially independent, decline in nuclear family means less aspirations to be a stay at home mother
AOSEV- 82% of teachers in primary are women, changing of misogynistic stereotypes in textbooks surrounding women in education
Why is socialisation and bedroom culture important?
AO2- boy vs girls toys, girls playing with babies (expressive role) Study where babysitters chose all gendered toys for the baby to play with
AO3AN- girls have the advantage due to them being socialised from a young age with books and motherly toys so when they start education they are obedient/submissive
AO3EV- however, French says that girls are still disadvantaged in the classroom as teachers tend to have their attention on boys
Liberal feminists suggest even girls are more ‘prepared’ for education, they don’t get recognised
Also, if you are WC, you may not e able to afford certain toys
