problem solving Flashcards
occurs when a person works from ideas and general information to arrive at specific conclusions
deductive reasoning
moves away from specific facts and observations to generalizations and theories
inductive reasoning
measures the extent to which repeated testing produces consistent results
reliability
measures the extent to which a test is actually measuring what the researcher claims to measuring
validity
objects can continue to exist when the child can no longer see them
Object permanence
• 0-2 years
• A child will recognize that they can affect change on his environment
• Children begin to purposefully engage with the world, and act with intention
Object permanence
sensorimotor stage
the ability to logically order a series of objects
seriation
- 2-7 years of age
- egocentric
- unable to see the display from the point of view of someone else
- has difficulty wth seriation tasks
- have difficulty with reversible relationships
preoperational
which means that he or she has difficulty understanding the world from a perspective other than his or her own
egocentric
- 7-12 years of age
- The child’s schemas are still concrete and based on his or her experiences with the world
- is unable to think in abstract terms or reason based on hypotheses
concrete operational stage
- 12+ years
- Children are able to think in abstract terms, work with hypotheses, and do everything else that makes up the range of adult cognitive abilities
formal operational stage
a tendency to seek out information that directly supports the hypothesis
confirmation bias
our tendency to make decisions based on the information that is most quickly available to us
availability heuristic
our tendency to estimate the likelihood of a current example by comparing it to an existing prototype in our mind of what we consider to be the most relevant or typical example of a particular category
representativeness heuristic
the cognitive ability of an individual to learn from experience, reason well, remember important information, and cope with the demands of daily living
intelligence
