forming impressions Flashcards
• According to this theory, you actively analyze a person’s behaviour to make inferences based on 3 variables: degree of choice, expectation, intended consequences of the behaviour.
correspondent interference theory
how a person’s behaviour can be attributed to either personal dispositional or situational circumstances
covariation theory
three variables to be considered if a behaviour is dispositional or situational
consistency, distinctiveness, consensus
tendency to over-value dispositional factors for the observed behaviours of others while under-valuing situational factors
fundamental attribution error
You are more vulnerable to making the fundamental attribution error when determining the causes of the behaviours in others rather than your own
-The difference in how you perceive your behaviours and that of others
actor/observer effect
we view success as reflecting our true abilities and failures as flukes of circumstance.
self-serving bias
When using this heuristic, you classify people by considering how well their behaviour fits with a certain prototype
-we tend to judge a sample (a particular outcome) to be likely to occur if it is similar to the population from which it was selected
Representativeness Heuristic
- This heuristic is used in making attributions
- Different experiences readily available to your memory
- probability estimates are affected by how easy it is to think of examples.
availability heuristic
In any social situation, there is a wealth of complex information to consider and limited attention to put towards this task
cognitive heuristic
4 factors that make it more likely for you to be attracted to a person
proximity, familiarity, physical attraction, and peer opinions
occur with conscious direction and deliberate thought (controlled)
explicit processes
occur outside of our awareness, without conscious control (automatic)
implicit processes
depends on the situation
situational attribution
depends on the disposition or traits of the person in question
dispositional attribution
we sometimes have a tendency to over-estimate dispositional attributes and under-estimate situational attributes.
fundamental attribution
