classical conditioning Flashcards
allows us to associate two related events
Classical Conditioning
the presentation of one stimulus reliably leads to the presentation of another.
contingent relationship
the learning of a contingency between a particular signal and a later event that are paired in time and/or space
classic conditioning
any stimulus or event; occurs naturally, prior to learning (Ex. Food)
Unconditional Stimulus (US)
the response that occurs after the unconditional stimulus; occurs naturally, prior to any learning
Unconditional Response (UR)
paired with the unconditional stimulus to produce a learned contingency (Ex. A ringing bell)
Conditional Stimulus (CS)
The response that occurs once the contingency between the CS and US have been learned (Ex. Salivating- expecting food)
Conditioned response (CR)
the process by which a contingency between a CS and US is learned
Acquisition
the loss of the CR when the CS no longer predicts the US
extinction
the process by which stimuli to the CS will also elicit a CR
Stimulus Generalization
restricts the range of conditional stimuli that can elicit a response.
Stimulus Discrimination
an exaggerated, intense and persistent fear of certain situations, activities, things or people.
phobia
an individual with a particular phobia is encouraged to confront the CS that evokes their anxiety; it may be traumatic experience
Implosive therapy
uses a more gradual exposure to the feared stimulus
Systematic desensitization
predicts the presence of the unconditional stimulus
CS+
predicts the absence of the unconditional stimulus
CS-
a process which counteracts a challenge to homeostasis
compensatory response
is the decreased effectiveness of a drug such as morphine over the course of repeated administration
drug tolerance
is a relatively enduring change in the mechanisms of behaviour that occurs due to experience
learning
the effects of learned behaviour is not yet reflected in performance
latent learning
a decrease in response to a stimulus or event as it is repeatedly presented without any consequence
habituation
an increase in responding that follows a change in stimulus to which habituation has occurred
dishabituation
the sequential occurrence or proximity of stimulus and response, causing their association in mind
contiguity
learning based on the anticipation of the absence of a biological event
inhibitory conditioning
reintroducing the CS and US after extinction can reform the acquisition faster than originally
reacquisition
pattern of responding is often represented in graph
generalization gradient
the established CS is now paired with a new stimulus, allowing the new stimulus to become another CS capable of eliciting a CR
higher-order conditioning
how the stimuli are related in terms of time
temporal arrangement
where the onset of the CS occurs first, followed by the onset of the US
short-delay conditioning
the sudden recovery of a conditional response following a rest period after extinction
spontaneous recovery
