instrumental conditioning

Question 1

determined whether a behaviour was maintained or eliminated

Answer 1

stamping in and stamping out theory

Question 2

behaviours with positive consequences are stamped in, those with negative consequences are stamped out

Answer 2

law of effect

Question 3

Presentation of a positive reinforcer; increases the frequency of a behaviour.

Answer 3

reward training

Question 4

Presentation of a negative reinforcer; decreases the frequency of a behaviour.

Answer 4

punishment training

Question 5

Removal of a positive reinforcer; decrease in the behaviour being reinforced.

Answer 5

omission training

Question 6

Removal of a negative reinforcer; increase in the response behaviour.

Answer 6

escape training

Question 7

behaviour can be learned without careful guidance by the researcher

Answer 7

autoshaping

Question 8

Signals when a contingency between a response and a reinforcement is “on

Answer 8

discriminative stimulus (SD)

Question 9

is a cue that indicates when the contingent relationship is not valid

Answer 9

S-delta or (S-)

Question 10

based on the number of responses; determines when reinforcement is given.

Answer 10

Ratio Schedule

Question 11

based on the time since the last response that was reinforced.

Answer 11

Interval Schedule

Question 12

conditions that are held constant across trials

Answer 12

Fixed Schedule

Question 13

provided following a variable amount of work/length of time.

Answer 13

Variable Schedule

Question 14

forming new voluntary behaviours that direct goal-centered actions.

Answer 14

instrumental conditioning

Question 15

something that produces satisfaction when received.

Answer 15

Appetitive Stimulus

Question 16

arrival of an aversive stimulus follows a response; decreases the likelihood of that response occurring again.

Answer 16

positive punishment

Question 17

when a response leads to the removal of an appetitive stimulus; decreases the probability of that response occurring again (omission training).

Answer 17

negative punishment

Question 18

changes in the value of a reward lead to shifts in response rate.

Answer 18

contrast effects

Question 19

switching from a high to a low reward leads to a slower response rate.

Answer 19

negative contrast

Question 20

switching from a low to a high reward leads to a faster response rate.

Answer 20

positive contrast

Question 21

must do something a certain amount of times to receive an award

Answer 21

fixed ratio

Question 22

Reinforcement delivered after some random number of responses around a characteristic mean.

Answer 22

variable ratio

Question 23

Reinforcement is delivered following the first response after a set interval or time

Answer 23

fixed interval

Question 24

Reinforcement received at any time; you have an idea of how often reinforcement is likely to come up.

Answer 24

variable interval