principles of solute and water movement

Question 1

describe how water compartamentlises in body

Answer 1

70kg male 60% water
2/3 intracellular
1/3 extracellular which divides to 80% intrastiuial fluid and 20% plasma

Question 2

Why do we need cell membranes

Answer 2

cell need an inside and out
separate cell from its environment
cell membrane is the boundary

Question 3

What kind of molecules can pass freely through the phospholipid bilayer

Answer 3

Hydrophobic molecules CO2 N2 O2

small uncharged polar molecules water urea

Question 4

What kind molecules cannot pass freely across the phospholipid bilayer

Answer 4

Large uncharged polar molecules glucose

Irons Na+ and K+

Question 5

Describe passive transport

Answer 5

No energy needs needed

movement down concentration gradient

Question 6

Describe active transport

Answer 6

Movement against a concentration gradient

requires ATP

Question 7

Types of passive transport

Answer 7

Diffusion
facilitated diffusion
osmosis

Question 8

Types of active transport

Answer 8

Active transport and vesicular transport

pinocytosis and phagocytosis

Question 9

Define flux

Answer 9

The rate of flow of an and charged volume is due to the size of the concentration gradient

Question 10

How do two solutes to diffuse

Answer 10

Each substance fuses down as a concentration gradient independent of concentration gradient of other substances

Question 11

Give an example of facilitated diffusion

Answer 11

Movement of glucose
moving from high to low concentration for a protein channel
passive transport therefore no energy required

Question 12

Types of gated channels

Answer 12

ion gated channels

voltage gated channels

Question 13

Give an example of an active transporter

Answer 13

Sodium potassium ATPase
May need molecules to move against concentration gradient
choirs ATP

Question 14

Hypotonic

Answer 14

Cell lysis less soluble in water

Question 15

Hypertonic

Answer 15

cell shrinking more slowly less water

Question 16

osmole

Answer 16

Measure of solid’s ability to create osmotic pressure and thus affect movement of water

Question 17

Osmolality

Answer 17

Milliosmole per kilogram

Question 18

Define osmosis

Answer 18

Diffusion of water from a high hypotonic solution to hypotonic solution across a semipermeable membrane

Question 19

Structure of an Aquaporin channel

Answer 19

Six transmembrane alpha helix proteins
inner cavity is narrow and lined with hydrophilic amino acids
at the centre of the channel are charged residues
this prevents the movement of charged rons such as protons. Aqua pouring is don’t disrupt proton ion gradient in ATP production