Biological Signalling and Receptors - Drug Target L1

Question 1

Two types of intracellular signalling

Answer 1

Signalling by secreted molecules or signalling by plasma membrane bound molecules

Question 2

Types of signalling by secreted molecules

Answer 2

Paracrine, endocrine, autocrine and synaptic

Question 3

Paracrine

Answer 3

Molecules released Assad’s Albert Barnes to nearby cell receptors

Question 4

endocrine

Answer 4

Hormones or other products are secreted directly into the blood to act on a distant tissue or organ

Question 5

Synaptic

Answer 5

Similar to paracrine signalling molecule released outside cell however released into space called synapes molecule is neurotransmitter

Question 6

What kind of ligand of the cell surface receptor have

Answer 6

Hydrophilic

Question 7

What can a ligand is an intracellular receptor have

Answer 7

Hydrophobic as can past the hydrophobic bilayer. Issue that needs a carrier protein to transport it before it can pass bilayer

Question 8

Receptor

Answer 8

Molecule that recognises the ligand and in response to ligand binding brings about regulation of the solar process.

An unbound state a receptor is functionally silent

Question 9

Ligand

Answer 9

Any molecule binds specifically to receptor

Question 10

Antagonist

Answer 10

Opposes the action of the agonist. Structuring the mix agonist blocks binding site

Question 11

Agonist

Answer 11

At its receptor

Question 12

What is the measure of the receptor binding affinity

Answer 12

Kd Kd low affinty

Question 13

Classification of receptors

Answer 13

Classified according to agonist

sub classification affinity binds to antagonist

Question 14

Four major class of receptors

Answer 14

Membrane-bound receptors with integral iron channels - e.g nicotinic acetlycholin receptors

Membrane-bound receptors of integral enzyme activity - e.g tyrosine kinase receptors (insulin)

Membrane-bound receptors which couple to effector through transducer and proteins - e.g G-protein coupled receptors

Intracellular receptors - e.g oestrogen

Question 15

Nicotinic acetylcholine receptor strcuture

Answer 15

Gated pore, two alpha subunits bind Ach, Open Allowing Na+

Question 16

Example of the tyrosine kinase receptor

Answer 16

Growth factor receptors, insulin , link directly to tyrosine kinase

Question 17

Structure of tyrosine kinase insulin receptor

Answer 17

Dimer One polypeptide has a alpha and beta Sabina. Insulin binds an alpha domain, there is a transmembrane domain, and C terminal is a tyrosine kinase domain which allows the auto phosphorylation

Question 18

G-protein coupled receptors structure

Answer 18

Seven transmembrane spanning, N-terminal outside cell where binding domain occurs and G-protein coupled domains inside of the C-terminal

Question 19

GS subunit activates what

Answer 19

Adele cyclase which causes ATP to become cyclic AMP

Question 20

Intracellular receptors namely three domains

Answer 20

Hormone binding domain, DNA binding domain and transcription activating domain

Question 21

Noradrenaline binds beta one adrenoceptors causes what to heart

Acetylcholine Binds to M2 muscarinic receptor causes what

Answer 21

increased heart rate

slowing of heart rate