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ICPP -MIMI > Action potential > Flashcards

Action potential Flashcards

1
Q

If the membrane is made permeable to a specific Ion the membrane potential move towards what

A

The equilibrium potential

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2
Q

When voltage gated sodium channels open it flows down what

A

Concentration gradient

and a electrochemical gradient

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3
Q

Each action potential increases the sodium concentration in the axon by

A

40 µM

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4
Q

Compare the speed of potassium and sodium channels opening

A

Potassium channels cause hyper polarisation and open slowly and take longer to close
sodium channels called depolarisation open quickly and close quickly

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5
Q

What timeframe is an action potential occur

A

2 ms

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6
Q

3 confirmations a sodium channel can exist in

A

Closed, open, inactivated

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7
Q

Relative Refractory period

A

Sodium channels are recovering from inactivation, the excitability returns was normal as a number of channels in the inactivated state decreases and as the number of open voltage-gated potassium channels close

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8
Q

Voltage-gated sodium channel how many sections of alpha subunit

A

1 alpha subunit with Four secitions

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9
Q

Voltage-gated sodium channel where is the inactivation particle and its role

A

Found between domain three and domain four, can block the pore

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10
Q

Voltage-gated sodium channels and potassium channels out of the six transmembrane domains which domain is positively charged

A

Four

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11
Q

Potassium voltage gated channels how many alpha domains

A

For

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12
Q

Which form of the anaesthetic is membrane permeable

A

Unprotonated
lipophillic
membrane permeable

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13
Q

What form of anaesthetic is membrane impermeable

A

Protonated

membrane permeable

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14
Q

Local anaesthetics block axles in what order

A

Small myelinated axons
un myelinated axons
large myelinated axons

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15
Q

How does Axon diameter affect velocity

A

Large axon faster velocity

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16
Q

Ideal membrane properties

A

Low capacitance - voltage changes more readily in response to current
high resistance- change in voltage spread further along the axon

Longer the distance the faster the conduction

17
Q

What kind of conductance does myelinated axons do

A

Saltatory

18
Q

Why is statutory conduction faster

A

Action potential jumps from node to node allowing us faster conductance velocity. Action potential only occurs at the notes

19
Q

What are the symptoms of Multiple Sclerosis caused by

A

Breakdown or damage of the myelin sheath

20
Q

Depolarisation causes inactivation of what channels and opening of what channels

A

Inactivation voltage gated sodium channels

opening of voltage gated potassium channels

21
Q

Define neuromuscular junction

A

Synapse between the nerve and escalator muscle fibre

22
Q

What happens at the nerve terminal when action potential is initiated

A

Opens for dedicated calcium channels
calcium influx due to moving towards calcium’s equilibrium potential
increased calcium concentration
increasing calcium promotes exocytosis of the vesicels

23
Q

Both sodium and calcium Portuguese channels can have additional subunits describe the function

A

Can have additional beta gamma delta subunits as well as glycosylation and phosphorylations

Fine tune the properties and enable correct regulation of channel activity

24
Q

Compare the relative speed of opening of sodium gated channels and calcium forged gated channels

A

Voltage-gated calcium channels activate more Sony than voltage-gated sodium channels

25
Q

Calcium voltage gated channels can exist inactivated or inactivated forms explain how this occurs

A

Inactivation is calcium dependent

26
Q

During the vesicel fusion calcium binds to what to bring the school close to membrane

A

Siynaptotagim

27
Q

What allows the vesicel fusion with the membrane

A

SNARE complex

28
Q

The nicotinic acytly choline receptor is what kind of channel

A

Ligand gated ion channel, allows sodium and potassium to move through

More sodium is true as is a greater distance from sodium is equally potential while potassium is very close to the tacit equilibrium potential

29
Q

A depolarisation at the end plate leads to

A

At the adjacent sodium channels due to local spread of charge causing muscle action potential

30
Q

Competitive blockers of nicotinic acetly choline receptors

A

d-tubocurarine

31
Q

The polarising blockers of nicotinic ACh receptors

A

Succinylcholine

32
Q

How do you depolarising nicotinic ACh blockers work

A

Maintain end plate depolarisation

all felt activate adjacent sodium channels because they will be inactivated

33
Q

Nicotinic ACh receptors produce a vast depolarisation because they are work on a channel

A

Looking gated ion channel

ICPP -MIMI (13 decks)

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