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ANS 319 > Principles Of Nutrition > Flashcards

Principles Of Nutrition Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 3 macronutrients found in feed?

A

Carbohydrates, proteins, lipids

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2
Q

What are the 4 steps for food processing in the body?

A

Ingestion, digestion, absorption, elimination

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3
Q

What is dry matter (dm)?

A

The non -water component of feed; solids

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4
Q

What is “as Fed” basis?

A

Nutrient values and percentages with water

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5
Q

What does processing do?

A

Increase surface area and digestibility

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6
Q

What is more important than any macronutrient?

A

Water

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7
Q

How many grams in one pound?

A

454g

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8
Q

How many pounds in 1 ton?

A

2.000

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9
Q

How many pounds in 1 kg?

A

2.2

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10
Q

How many liters in a gallon?

A

3.82 L

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11
Q

If you have 28% fat in a dm basis, and 75% water, how fat is the feed in an af basis?

A

28% x 0.25 = 7% fat af

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12
Q

If you have 18% crude protein and 85% dm in feed, how much is there of crude in protein a dm basis?

A

18/0.85= 21.2% cp on a dm basis.

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13
Q

If you have 12.5% CP on an 85% dm basis, now much cp is there in an af basis?

A

12.5x0.86 = 11% cp in an af basis.

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14
Q

14% cp in an af basis with 90% dm, how much cp% in an dm basis?

A

14/ 0.90 = 16% dm

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15
Q

Feed with 86% dm, and you want to feed 20lbs. Of dm; how much would you need to feed?

A

20/0.86=23.25 lbs.

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16
Q

35% ADF on a dm basis, 86% dm; how much ado is there on an af basis?

A

35x 0.86= 30% ADF on an af basis.

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17
Q

Bag of feed= 50lbs. Af with 90% DM how much does feed weigh on a dm basis?

A

50x0.9= 45 lbs.

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18
Q

What are the 2 types of fermentation?

A

Aerobic and anaerobic

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19
Q

What portion of the plant can ruminants eat?

A

Entire plant(forages)

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20
Q

What portion ot the plant can monogastrics, and feedlot beef eat?

A

Seeds (grains) , concentrates

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21
Q

Plant cell walls are composed of?

A

Structural and non-structural carbohydrates

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22
Q

Structural carbohydrates are composed of?

A

Cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin.

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23
Q

Non- structural carbohydrates are composed of?

A

Proteins, sugars, starch, pectins, fats

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24
Q

What part ot the cell wall is indigestible?

A

Structural carbohydrates

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25
Q

What % of dm are organic feeds composed of?

A

95%; the rest is minerals (Cho)

26
Q

Feeds are classified into?

A

Concentrates and roughages / forages

27
Q

Concentrates have rich?

A

Energy

28
Q

When we are talking about ruminant feed, we are talking about?

A

Roughages

29
Q

Forages are…

A

Entire plant

30
Q

Forages are rich in?

A

Fibers

31
Q

Grains are

A

Highly digestible; concentrates

32
Q

Harvested plants are, divided into?

A

Grasses and legumes

33
Q

Plants require what to synthesize amino acids?

A

NH3, Ammonia

34
Q

Why are legumes high in protein?

A

Because of nodules with nitrogen-fixing bacteria

35
Q

What are the five major anatomical parts of plants?

A

Leaves, stems, inflorescence,
Fruit, roots

36
Q

Which part of the plant is high in nutrients and in non-structural carbohydrates, and highly digestible?

A

Leaves

37
Q

What part ot the plant is less nutritious, has high content of structural carbs, and contains cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin.

A

Stems

38
Q

What are the 2 parts of forage nutritive value?

A

Nutrient density and digestibility

39
Q

What is apparent digestibility?

A

A % based on dietary intake and feces output to estimate how digestible feed can be

( Dietary intake - feces output x 100 ) / dietary intake

40
Q

Why are feces brown?

A

Thrown out R BC and iron

41
Q

Factors that affect nutritive value

A

Maturity and leaf stem ratio

42
Q

Where is fiber located?

A

Leaves

43
Q

Where is the highest quality fiber?

A

At top of plants

44
Q

What are the 2 plants stressors? -

A

Temp and moisture deficit or excess

45
Q

Digestibility ____________with maturity

A

Decreases

46
Q

Lignification occurs from

A

Outside of cell wall to inside

47
Q

What are 3 quality attributes that can be compared in a nutritive value of feeds assessment?

A

Crude protein, fiber, and digestibilty

48
Q

What are the 2 types of nutritive value feed assessments?

A

Laboratory and Animal assessment

49
Q

The laboratory assessment can be

A

A chemical evaluation and an in vitro digestion

50
Q

What processes can be done to dm remains?

A

Burning or neutral detergent extraction.

51
Q

After neutral detergent extraction what 2 things are extracted?

A

Neutral detergent soluble and neutral detergent fiber

52
Q

NDS are the in solution what?

A

Protein, starch, pectins, fats.

53
Q

N DF contains What?

A

Cellulose, hemicellulose, lignin

54
Q

The NDF recovers what part of the plant?

A

Major cell wall components, structural carbohydrates

55
Q

What can be done to the insoluble parts of the neutral detergent extraction to remove hemicellulose and fiber-bound protein from the solution?

A

Acid detergent extraction

56
Q

What is the soluble part of the acid detergent extraction called?

A

Acid detergent fiber (adf)

57
Q

If ADF is high thendigestibility is?

A

Low

58
Q

What does In vitro digestion measure?

A

Nutrient loss via Dacron bags

59
Q

What are the 3 trials in an Animal Assessment?

A

Digestion, Balance, and production

60
Q

What does the production trial record?

A

Efficiency to feed intake and specific nutrient intake

ANS 319 (11 decks)

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