Principles of Neuropharmacology

Question 1

Blood Brain Barrier (BBB) is?

Answer 1

A protective functional separation of the circulating blood from the extracellular fluid of the CNS that limits the penetration of substances, including drugs

Question 2

how should the drugs be to enter the CNS?

Answer 2

Drugs must either be highly hydrophobic or engage specific transport mechanisms

Question 3

dopa can cross BBB however the LDOPA cannot
true or false?

Answer 3

false, its the opposite

Question 4

what are the 2 ways of neurotransmission?

Answer 4

Axonal conduction
Junctional transmission

Question 5

Passage of an electrical impulse along an axon or muscle fiber is Junctional transmission
true or false?

Answer 5

false, it is axonal conductoin

Question 6

what is the initial phase of axonal conduction

Answer 6

The initial phase: following depolarization, a rapid increase in the permeability and inward movement of Na+ through voltage-sensitive Na+ channels, and a rapid depolarization from the resting potential continues to a positive overshoot

Question 7

what is the second phase of axonal conduction?

Answer 7

results from the rapid inactivation of the Na+ channel and the delayed opening of a K+ channel, which permits outward movement of K+ to terminate the depolarization

Question 8

The arrival of the AP at the axonal terminals initiates a series of events that trigger transmission of an excitatory or inhibitory biochemical message across the synapse or neuroeffector junction
is?

Answer 8

junctional transmission

Question 9

Increased permeability to Na+ produce?

Answer 9

excitation

Question 10

decreased permeability to K+ and Cl− produces inhibition
true or false?

Answer 10

false, increase permeability

Question 11

list the steps at which drugs can alter synaptic transmission

Answer 11

1) Action potential in presynaptic
fiber; (2) synthesis of transmitter; (3) storage; (4) metabolism; (5) release; (6) reuptake into the nerve ending or uptake into a glial cell;
(7) degradation; (8) receptor for the transmitter; (9) receptor-induced increase or decrease in ionic conductance; (10) retrograde signaling.

Question 12

the main excitatory neurotransmitter is?

Answer 12

glutamate

Question 13

list some inhibitory neurotransmitters

Answer 13

Gaba
serotonin

Question 14

ACTC and dopamine are both excitatory and inhibitory neurotransmitters
true or false?

Answer 14

true

Question 15

what kind of receptors glutamate transmitter has?

Answer 15

ionotropic and metablolic receptors

Question 16

which receptor? Plays a role in synaptic plasticity related to learning and memory

Answer 16

NMDA receptors

Question 17

Memantine is an NMDA antagonist, used in ?

Answer 17

Alzheimer’s dementia

Question 18

the opening of chloride ion channels causes?

Answer 18

inhibitory postsynaptic potentials

Question 19

chlorpromazine, haloperidol), which may cause ?

Answer 19

parkinsonian symptoms

Question 20

which neuron cell bodies are mainly located in the brain stem and the lateral tegmental area of the pons?

Answer 20

Norepinephrine

Question 21

histamine neurons project widely throughout the brain and spinal cord
Modulate arousal, attention, feeding behavior, and memory
true or false?

Answer 21

true

Question 22

Opioid peptides are used as?

Answer 22

painkillers