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pharmachology > diuretics > Flashcards

diuretics Flashcards

1
Q

what is the main unit of the kidney?

A

nephron

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2
Q

what is the function of glomerulus?

A

the place where the blood is filtrated

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3
Q

this segment carries out isosmotic
reabsorption of amino acids, glucose,
and numerous ions.

It is the major site for sodium chloride
and sodium bicarbonate reabsorption.

to which segment of the renal transport is this?

A

Proximal convoluted tubule

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4
Q

The proximal tubule is responsible for
100% of the total reabsorption of
sodium.
true or false?

A

false, 60-70%

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5
Q

there is No currently available drug directly acts
on NaCl reabsorption in the PCT
true or false?

A

true

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6
Q

bicarbonate is it basic or acidic component?

A

basic

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7
Q

what is the renal effect of carbonic anhydrase inhibitors?

A

bicarbonate diuresis

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8
Q

when the bicarbonate is depleted by CA inhibitors
what will happen?

A

metabolic acidosis

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9
Q

give examples of CA therapeutic usage

A

Acetazolamide, for urinary alkalinization, High altitude sickness, and Epilepsy

Dorzolamide, for glaucoma

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10
Q

what are the adverse effects of CA inhibitors?

A

Metabolic acidosis
Renal stones
Hypersensitivity reactions

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11
Q

Hyperammonemia
Intoxication with basic drugs
Severe COPD (respiratory acidosis)
are?

A

contraindication of CA inhibitors

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12
Q

Thick ascending loop of Henle has the?

A

– Na+, K+, and Cl-reabsorption

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13
Q

what is the main mechanism of the hick ascending loop of Henle ?

A

reabsorption of Ca2+ & Mg2+

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14
Q

what are the Loop diuretics?

A

Bumetanide, ethacrynic acid, furosemide,
torsemide

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15
Q

inhibition of NaCl reabsorption in the
Henle loop decreases the?

A

strength of the countercurrent concentrating
mechanism & causes greatly increased
urine output

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16
Q

The drugs increase Cl− more than Na+
excretion will lead to?

A

hyperchloremic alkalosis

17
Q

to which cases we use the loop diuretics ?

A

Congestive heart failure, ascites, acute pulmonary edema
Severe hypercalcemia:

18
Q

what are the adverse effects of Loop diuretics?

A

Hypovolemia: cardiovascular complications
* Hypokalemia: by mechanism (potassium wasting)
* Hyperuricemia: Volume depletion & diminished ability to concentrate urine
Ototoxicity

19
Q

which segment actively pumps sodium
and chloride out of the lumen of the
nephron via the Na+/Cl– carrier?

A

Distal convoluted tubule

20
Q

The distal convoluted tubule is
responsible for 5–8% of filtered sodium
reabsorption.
true or false?

A

true

21
Q

Removal of the reabsorbed calcium back
into the blood requires ?

A

sodium-calcium exchange

22
Q

Target of the thiazide diuretics is?

A

Distal convoluted tubule

23
Q

Thiazide diuretics will cause?

A

Hypokalemic metabolic alkalosis may occur
Reabsorption of Ca from the urine is ↑
urine Ca content is ↓

24
Q

Because thiazide diuretics act in a diluting segment of the nephron, thiazides may reduce the excretion of water and cause?

A

dilutional hyponatremia

25
Q

when we can use the thiazide diuretics?

A

Hypertension
Edema associated with heart failure.
Hypercalciuria in patients who have recurrent urinary calculi
composed of calcium salts.
Nephrogenic diabetes insipidus

26
Q
  • Hypokalemia and hyperuricemia
  • Hypercalcemia & hypomagnesemia
  • Hyperglycemia: due to impaired pancreatic release of insulin.
  • Hyperlipidemia
    photosensitivity and dermatitis
    fatigability and sexual impotence

are the adverse effects of?

A

Thiazide diuretics

27
Q

which diuretics has the opposite effect of loop diuretic?

A

Thiazide diuretics

28
Q

: the primary route of excretion of K+ is?

A

Kidneys

29
Q

the main site of action for Potassium-sparing diuretics is?

A

cortical collecting duct, The aldosterone receptor and the sodium channels

30
Q

Increase sodium loss by reducing the potassium excretion it can spare Potassium.
true or false?

A

true

31
Q

what is the net result of potassium sparing diuretics?

A

Increase sodium loss by reducing the potassium excretion so you can spare.Potassium

32
Q

Spironolactone and eplerenone have fast onsets and offsets of action (24–72 h)
true or false?

A

false, slow onset

33
Q

Amiloride and triamterene have durations of action of 12–24 h
and, triamterene is extensively metabolized, it has a shorter half-life (4 hrs) and must be given more frequently than amiloride (half-life
21 hrs

true or false?

A

true

34
Q

Hyperkalemia
Gynecomastia and antiandrogenic effects
Kidney stones
these are the adverse effects of?

A

K+-Sparing Diuretics

35
Q

when we use the osmotic diuretics?

A

Increase the osmotic pressure of plasma & extract water from the eye and brain

control intracranial
pressure in patients with traumatic brain injury

prophylaxis of acute kidney injury

36
Q

Osmotic diuretics increase the osmolality of the ECF compartment & shift water back into the extracellular compartment
true or false?

A

true

37
Q

what are the adverse effects of osmotic diuretics?

A

Extracellular volume expansion
Dehydration, hyperkalemia, hyponatremia
Hyponatremia

38
Q

Sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 is
important in the?

A

renal reabsorption of
glucose

pharmachology (9 decks)

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