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pharmachology > basic concepts > Flashcards

basic concepts Flashcards

1
Q

in vivo means?

A

in the living organism

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2
Q

in vitro means?

A

outside the living
organism

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3
Q

in silico means (in a computer base environment).
true or false?

A

true

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4
Q

what should we do before clinical trials?

A

preclinical testing

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5
Q

the drug must be a pure substance
such as?

A

chemical, animal or plant based
substance

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6
Q

what excipients mean?

A

without bioactivity
inactive pharmaceutical ingredients

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7
Q

Mixing of the bioactive portion
of the drug with excipients
according to certain formulas is
called?

A

drug formulation.

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8
Q

Prophylaxis means?

A

prevention

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9
Q

drugs can be used as?

A

Prophylaxis (exp. Aspirin usage to prevent heart attack)
-Diagnosis (exp. Radiological substance)
-Treatment-cure
-Other medical aim

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10
Q

to complete cure of disease means?

A

Radical treatment

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11
Q

Medications eliminate the cause of the disease, and alleviate
or correct symptoms and sign
true or false?

A

false,
do not eliminate the cause of the disease , only alleviate or correct symptoms and signs

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12
Q

what is Palliative-Symptomatic treatment ?

A

Medications do
not eliminate the cause of the disease, only to alleviate
or correct symptoms and signs

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13
Q

list the properties of drug effects

A

selectivity
temporariness
does-dependent

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14
Q

what are the sources of drugs?

A

plants
animals
mineral
synthetic or semi synthetic
microbiological
genetic engineering

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15
Q

how are the drugs classified?

A

from
1-Their chemical nature
2-Target organ/site of action
3-Therapeutic uses

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16
Q

what will happen after the drug is administrated to the body?

A

it will effect the systemic concentration and it could be distributed or eliminated

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17
Q

what are the 2 main steps for a drug after it is administrated to the body?

A

pharmacokinetics
then pharmacodynamic

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18
Q

which form of drug that has gelatin?

A

capsules
as 1-hard shell gelatin
2- soft shell gelatin

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19
Q

Suppositories are used in?
and how it is melted?

A

Used in rectum and vagina
melt upon exposure to body temperature

20
Q

tablets
capsules
powder
are all?

A

solid drugs

21
Q

cream drugs are divided into?

A

oil in water = spread easily
or water in oil= more greasy

22
Q

what are the types of liquid drugs?

A

elixirs= contain alcohol
syrups= don’t contain alcohol
solutions
emulsions
suspensions

23
Q

what is the local application for the Cream, ointment, pastes, solutions (some of them), liniment?

A

Epidermis (up to the
skin)

24
Q

the pharmaceutical form for the Conjunctiva sac is?

A

Ophthalmic drops and ophthalmic ointments

25
Q

the pharmaceutical form for the intravaginal is
vaginal ovule (suppositories), Vaginal tablets,
ointments, gels

true or false?

A

true

26
Q

what is the local application for the Lozenges, solutions?

A

Buccal

27
Q

Rectal pharmaceutical form such as Ointments, suppositories, enema
true or false?

A

true

28
Q

to which area Clyster (excrete bigger area then enema) is used?

A

Colon

29
Q

what is the pharmaceutical form for the external ear canal?

A

Otic drops (solution, suspension)

30
Q

what are the 2 types of drugs routs administration?

A

systemic= should pass through systemic app
local= should not pass through systemic app

31
Q

give example of systemic administration drug

A

Oral application

32
Q

give example of local administration drug

A

Epidermal application
(creams, ointments),
ocular drops, nasal drops

33
Q

what are the kinds of local administration?

A

topical
deeper tissues
arterial

34
Q

what are the kinds of systemic administration?

A

enteral
parenteral

35
Q

The skin is not permeable to
lipid-insoluble substances
true or falsE?

A

true

36
Q

what kind of drug application we use Allergy and bacteriological tests or local anesthetic drug
application?

A

intracutaneous application

37
Q

give examples of local drugs that are administrated through the mouth

A

p.
* Antiacid drugs,
* Laxatives such as MgSO

38
Q

drug placed directly into the GI tract is?

A

enteral rout
like, oral- sublingual,rectum

39
Q

First-pass effect in the liver
* Interaction with food or other drugs
* Degraded by digestive enzymes, leading to reduced absorption
* Not applicable in nausea or vomiting
* Likely to unsuitable in case of emergency
* Slower onset of action
* Requires patient cooperation

are ?

A

disadvantages of oral drug

40
Q

what are the advantages of the sublingual drug?

A

rapid absorption
drug stability
avoid first pass effect.

41
Q

inconvenient
small doses
unpleasant taste of drugs
are ?

A

disadvantage of sublingual drugs

42
Q

Drugs that are not absorbed or destroyed by the gastrointestinal tract can be administered ?

A

parenterally

43
Q

Parenteral administration of drugs is considered to be higher (in
intravenous 100%) bioavailability.
true or false?

A

true

44
Q

what are the Preparations to be administered parenterally?

A

he pH must be near to the pH of body fluids
(isohidric),
- Sterile,
- Isotonic,
- No particles.

45
Q

intraarterial administration has local effect and the intravenous administration has systemic effect
true or false?

A

true

46
Q

transdermal drug delivery is local application.
true or false?

A

false, systemic

pharmachology (9 decks)

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