Autonomic Nervous System and Neuromuscular Relaxants

Question 1

Somatic and Autonomic Nervous Systems differs in?

Answer 1

Effectors
Efferent pathways and their neurotransmitters
Target organ responses to neurotransmitters

Question 2

cardiac, smooth, and glands are effectors of?

Answer 2

ANS

Question 3

what are the effector of SNS?

Answer 3

skeletal muscles

Question 4

SNS has a thin myelinated somatic motor fibers makes up each pathway from the CNS to the muscle

true or false?

Answer 4

false, thick myelinated motor fibers

Question 5

how many chains has the ANS?

Answer 5

2 neuron chain

Question 6

which one is has a thin, lightly myelinated axon
paraganglion or postganglionic?

Answer 6

paraganglion in the CNS

Question 7

postganglionic axon is unmyelinated that extends to the effector organ
true or false?

Answer 7

true

Question 8

All somatic motor neurons release ?

Answer 8

ACH

Question 9

the effect of SNS and ANS are either inhibitory or stimulatory
true or false?

Answer 9

false, SNS is always stimulatory effect.
however, ANS is inhibitory or stimulatory

Question 10

for ANS the preganglionic fibers release norepinephrine or ACH , and postganglionic fibers release only ACH
true or false?

Answer 10

false, preganglionic= only ACH
postganglionic = ACH or norepinephrine

Question 11

postganglionic fibers release norepinephrine in sympathetic system, but in parasympathetic system, they release acetylcholine at effectors.

true or false?

Answer 11

true

Question 12

vessels only use sympathetic system, no dual innervation.
true or false?

Answer 12

true

Question 13

Gastrointestinal tract activity is high
Pupils are constricted and lenses are accommodated for close vision

seen with?

Answer 13

parasympathetic NS

Question 14

Bronchioles become dilated
Liver releases glucose
are seen with?

Answer 14

sympathetic NS

Question 15

Bronchioles become dilated
Liver releases glucose
pupil are dilated
are seen with?

Answer 15

sympathetic NS

Question 16

what is the difference of fiber length between the sympathetic and parasympathetic NS?

Answer 16

para: long preganglionic and short postganglionic

symp: short preganglionic and long postganglionic

Question 17

sympathetic Preganglionic neurons are in which spinal cord segments ?

Answer 17

T1 – L2

Question 18

lateral horns of the spinal cord are produced by?

Answer 18

sympathetic neurons

Question 19

Cholinergic fibers release the neurotransmitter ?

and

Adrenergic fibers release the neurotransmitter ?

Answer 19

1- ACH
2- NE

Question 20

sweat glands and some blood vessels in skeletal muscles receive?

Answer 20

ACH neurotransmitter by the sympathetic postganglionic fibers

Question 21

which drug can block muscarinic receptors??

Answer 21

Atropine is an Anticholinergic drug

Question 22

Atropine used to?

Answer 22

prevent salivation during surgery, and to dilate the pupils for examination

Question 23

acetylcholinesterase testing phase the breakdown or degradation of the acetylcholine

so if this enzyme is inhibited the amount of ACH in synaptic cleft is decreased
true or false?

Answer 23

false, ACH amount is increased

Question 24

which drug inhibits acetylcholinesterase ?

Answer 24

Neostigmine

Question 25

Neostigmine used to?

Answer 25

treat myasthenia gravis

Question 26

Beta blockers Drugs that attach and block 1 receptors to decrease heart rate, contractility true or false?

Answer 26

true

Question 27

Drugs that attach to 2 receptors to dilate lung bronchioles in asthma, COPD are?

Answer 27

Beta agonists

Question 28

what are the Skeletal Muscle Relaxants?

Answer 28

neuromuscular blockers and spasmolytics

Question 29

succinylcholine is ?

Answer 29

is an agonist at the nicotinic end plate receptor: depolarizing type

Question 30

Most NM blockers are antagonists and nondepolarizing type what is the the prototype?

Answer 30

tubocurarine

Question 31

NM blockers enter CNS true or false?

Answer 31

false, do not enter

Question 32

larger muscles are less resistant to NM blockers true or false?

Answer 32

false, more resistant

Question 33

Sugammadex is a chemical antagonist of rocuronium and also has activity against vecuronium true or false?

Answer 33

true

Question 34

The reversal of nondepolarizing muscular blockage is achieved by ?

Answer 34

Sugam Madex and cholinesterase inhibitors

Question 35

The action of full doses of NM blockers leads directly to ?

Answer 35

respiratory paralysis

Question 36

↑ in intragastric pressure caused by fasciculations may promote regurgitation & aspiration of gastric contents, and Muscle pain and muscle damage, postoperatively are side effects of?

Answer 36

Specific effects of succinylcholine

Question 37

spasticity from upper motor neuron lesions is?

Answer 37

Spasmolytics

Question 38

Antispasmodics is spasms from peripheral musculoskeletal conditions true or false?

Answer 38

true

Question 39

how Drugs may ameliorate some of the symptoms of spasticity?

Answer 39

modifying the stretch reflex arc or interfering directly with skeletal muscle (excitation-contraction coupling)

Question 40

what Facilitates GABA-mediated inhibition via its interaction with GABAA receptors?

Answer 40

Diazepam

Question 41

GABA B agonist is?

Answer 41

Baclofen

Question 42

baclofen causes membrane hyperpolarization true or false?

Answer 42

true

Question 43

Presynaptically: ↓ the release of glutamate by ↑ K+ efflux and ↓ Ca+ influx Postsynaptically: facilitates the inhibitory action of GABA are done by?

Answer 43

baclofen

Question 44

inhibits nociceptive transmission in the spinal dorsal horn (analgesic effect) can be seen with?

Answer 44

Tizanidine

Question 45

Short-term treatment of wrinkles associated with aging around the eyes and forehead Generalized spastic disorders (cerebral palsy) Dystonia incontinence due to overactive bladder Chronic migraine are clinical uses of?

Answer 45

Botulinum Toxin

Question 46

characterized by massive Ca+ release from the sarcoplasmic reticulum is?

Answer 46

malignant hyperthermia

Question 47

Reduces skeletal muscle strength Acts in the skeletal muscle cell to reduce the release of Ca+ from the sarcoplasmic reticulum via interaction with the ryanodine receptor channel are done by?

Answer 47

Dantrolene

Question 48

Drugs for Acute Spasm are sedatives or act in the brain stem (centrally-acting) true or false?

Answer 48

true

Question 49

which Drug is for Acute Spasm? and for chronic spasm?

Answer 49

for acute= Cyclobenzaprine for chronic= diazepam or Botulin toxin or Baclofen