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pharmachology > Autonomic Nervous System and Neuromuscular Relaxants > Flashcards

Autonomic Nervous System and Neuromuscular Relaxants Flashcards

1
Q

Somatic and Autonomic Nervous Systems differs in?

A

Effectors
Efferent pathways and their neurotransmitters
Target organ responses to neurotransmitters

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2
Q

cardiac, smooth, and glands are effectors of?

A

ANS

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3
Q

what are the effector of SNS?

A

skeletal muscles

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4
Q

SNS has a thin myelinated somatic motor fibers makes up each pathway from the CNS to the muscle

true or false?

A

false, thick myelinated motor fibers

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5
Q

how many chains has the ANS?

A

2 neuron chain

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6
Q

which one is has a thin, lightly myelinated axon
paraganglion or postganglionic?

A

paraganglion in the CNS

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7
Q

postganglionic axon is unmyelinated that extends to the effector organ
true or false?

A

true

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8
Q

All somatic motor neurons release ?

A

ACH

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9
Q

the effect of SNS and ANS are either inhibitory or stimulatory
true or false?

A

false, SNS is always stimulatory effect.
however, ANS is inhibitory or stimulatory

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10
Q

for ANS the preganglionic fibers release norepinephrine or ACH , and postganglionic fibers release only ACH
true or false?

A

false, preganglionic= only ACH
postganglionic = ACH or norepinephrine

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11
Q

postganglionic fibers release norepinephrine in sympathetic system, but in parasympathetic system, they release acetylcholine at effectors.

true or false?

A

true

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12
Q

vessels only use sympathetic system, no dual innervation.
true or false?

A

true

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13
Q

Gastrointestinal tract activity is high
Pupils are constricted and lenses are accommodated for close vision

seen with?

A

parasympathetic NS

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14
Q

Bronchioles become dilated
Liver releases glucose
are seen with?

A

sympathetic NS

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15
Q

Bronchioles become dilated
Liver releases glucose
pupil are dilated
are seen with?

A

sympathetic NS

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16
Q

what is the difference of fiber length between the sympathetic and parasympathetic NS?

A

para: long preganglionic and short postganglionic

symp: short preganglionic and long postganglionic

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17
Q

sympathetic Preganglionic neurons are in which spinal cord segments ?

A

T1 – L2

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18
Q

lateral horns of the spinal cord are produced by?

A

sympathetic neurons

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19
Q

Cholinergic fibers release the neurotransmitter ?

and

Adrenergic fibers release the neurotransmitter ?

A

1- ACH
2- NE

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20
Q

sweat glands and some blood vessels in skeletal muscles receive?

A

ACH neurotransmitter by the sympathetic postganglionic fibers

21
Q

which drug can block muscarinic receptors??

A

Atropine is an Anticholinergic drug

22
Q

Atropine used to?

A

prevent salivation during surgery, and to dilate the pupils for examination

23
Q

acetylcholinesterase testing phase the breakdown or degradation of the acetylcholine

so if this enzyme is inhibited the amount of ACH in synaptic cleft is decreased
true or false?

A

false, ACH amount is increased

24
Q

which drug inhibits acetylcholinesterase ?

A

Neostigmine

25
Q

Neostigmine used to?

A

treat myasthenia gravis

26
Q

Beta blockers
Drugs that attach and block 1 receptors to decrease heart rate, contractility

true or false?

A

true

27
Q

Drugs that attach to 2 receptors to dilate lung bronchioles in asthma, COPD are?

A

Beta agonists

28
Q

what are the Skeletal Muscle Relaxants?

A

neuromuscular blockers and spasmolytics

29
Q

succinylcholine is ?

A

is an agonist at the nicotinic end plate receptor: depolarizing type

30
Q

Most NM blockers are antagonists and nondepolarizing type
what is the the prototype?

A

tubocurarine

31
Q

NM blockers enter CNS
true or false?

A

false, do not enter

32
Q

larger muscles are less resistant to NM blockers
true or false?

A

false, more resistant

33
Q

Sugammadex is a chemical antagonist of rocuronium and also has activity against vecuronium

true or false?

A

true

34
Q

The reversal of nondepolarizing muscular blockage is achieved by ?

A

Sugam Madex
and cholinesterase inhibitors

35
Q

The action of full doses of NM blockers leads directly to ?

A

respiratory paralysis

36
Q

↑ in intragastric pressure caused by fasciculations may promote regurgitation & aspiration of gastric contents, and Muscle pain and muscle damage, postoperatively

are side effects of?

A

Specific effects of succinylcholine

37
Q

spasticity from upper motor neuron lesions is?

A

Spasmolytics

38
Q

Antispasmodics is spasms from peripheral musculoskeletal conditions
true or false?

A

true

39
Q

how Drugs may ameliorate some of the symptoms of spasticity?

A

modifying the stretch reflex arc or
interfering directly with skeletal muscle (excitation-contraction coupling)

40
Q

what Facilitates GABA-mediated inhibition via its interaction with GABAA receptors?

A

Diazepam

41
Q

GABA B agonist is?

A

Baclofen

42
Q

baclofen
causes membrane hyperpolarization
true or false?

A

true

43
Q

Presynaptically: ↓ the release of glutamate by ↑ K+ efflux and ↓ Ca+ influx
Postsynaptically: facilitates the inhibitory action of GABA

are done by?

A

baclofen

44
Q

inhibits nociceptive transmission in the spinal dorsal horn (analgesic effect)
can be seen with?

A

Tizanidine

45
Q

Short-term treatment of wrinkles associated with aging around the eyes and forehead
Generalized spastic disorders (cerebral palsy)
Dystonia
incontinence due to overactive bladder
Chronic migraine

are clinical uses of?

A

Botulinum Toxin

46
Q

characterized by massive Ca+ release from the sarcoplasmic reticulum is?

A

malignant hyperthermia

47
Q

Reduces skeletal muscle strength
Acts in the skeletal muscle cell to reduce the release of Ca+ from the sarcoplasmic reticulum via interaction with the ryanodine receptor channel
are done by?

A

Dantrolene

48
Q

Drugs for Acute Spasm are sedatives or act in the brain stem (centrally-acting)
true or false?

A

true

49
Q

which Drug is for Acute Spasm?
and for chronic spasm?

A

for acute= Cyclobenzaprine
for chronic= diazepam or Botulin toxin or Baclofen

pharmachology (9 decks)

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