Cardiovascular Pharmacology Flashcards
70 mmhg is the value of?
diastolic blood pressure
110 mmhg is the value of?
systolic blood pressure
hypertension and arterial
blood pressure increase is mainly due to?
elevation of total peripheral vascular resistance
how is the hypertension mainly treated?
by palliative treatment
what are the antihypertension drugs that mainly used in the clinics?
- Diuretics
- Adrenergic receptor blockers
- Angiotensin-converting-enzyme (ACE) inhibitor and other angiotensin receptor blockers/antagonists (ARB)
- Calcium-channel blockers (CCB)
Adrenergic neuron blockers
Adrenergic receptor blockers
Centrally acting adrenergic drugs and other
sympatholytic
decrease or increase the function of sympathetic system?
decrease the function
Their function is about vasodilatation, they do not
effect sympathetic system.
what are they?
Calcium-channel blockers (CCB)
ACE inhibitor & ARBs
Direct acting vasodilators
what are the most commonly used
antihypertensive drugs ?
Diuretic
which agent block B1 adrenergic receptors and reduces the heart rate and cardiac contractility?
beta adrenergic blocking agents
provide enough blood pressure reduction as
monotherapy in mild hypertension is and an be used in the combination with
the other diuretics?
Thiazide diuretics
combination of diuretics inhibit?
inhibits pseudo-tolerance
(inhibiting the water and salt retention).
Adrenergic Receptor Blockers?
Alpha-blockers and Beta-blockers
propranolol is it a selective or non-selective blocker?
non-selective block both B1 and B2 adrenergic receptors
b1 receptor regulates heart rate and myocardial contractility.
true or false?
true
There is difference in the degree of
antihypertensive activity between the two groups
(selective beta blockers vs non-selective beta
blockers
true or false?
false, there is no difference
metoprolol
atenolol
acebutolol
are selective or on selective beta receptors blockers?
selective for beta one revceptors
Prazosin and Doxazosin, which selectively block?
α1 receptors
what Calcium-channel Blockers do?
they block the voltage-dependent L-type calcium channels in the membrane of the smooth muscle cells of the vessel
which blockers During excitation, they cause vasodilatation by inhibiting the
Ca ++ entry from these channels?
Calcium-channel Blockers
Calcium-channel Blockers are divided into 3 types according to their chemical structure
what are they?
- 1,4 Dihydropyridine (DHP) derivatives
- Phenylalkylamine derivatives (Verapamil)
- Benzothiazepine derivatives (Diltiazem)
group of drugs mainly dilate arterioles.
and They increase the blood flow to the kidney (they protect kidneys)
are?
Angiotensin-converting-enzyme (ACE) inhibitor and other angiotensin receptor blockers/antagonists (ARB
how can we start the treatment of hypertension?
ACEI or ARB+CCB or diuretic
the triple treatment of hypertension is?
ACEI or ARB+ CCB+ Diuretic
thickening of ventricular chambers is?
Congestive Heart Failure
how to overcome the decreased cardiac output (CO)?
A. Increased sympathetic tone
B. Activation of Renin-Angiotensin-Vasopressin system
C. Increased body fluid volum
Increased sympathetic tone and Activation of Renin-Angiotensin-Vasopressin system result in?
increased peripheral vascular resistance (PVR)
Congestive Heart Failure Results in?
Oedema in peripheral tissues (swelling in legs)
Oedema in lungs (breathlessness)
Decreased exercise tolerance
- increase force of contraction (Cardiac glycosides)
- decrease fluid excretion (Diuretics)
- Vasodilation (Vasodilators)
- decrease PVR & aldosterone secretion (ACE inhibitors)
which one of the above for Therapeutic strategies in congestive heart failure is wrong?
- decrease fluid excretion
correction, increase
what are Cardiac Glycosides (Digoxin, Digitoxin) effects?
increase Force of contraction
Positive inotropic action
Cardiac Glycosides they do not increase the oxygen consumption of the heart much, they increase the efficiency of the heart
true or false?
true
the anticoagulant and thrombolytics are effective in treatment of only arterial
thrombosis
true or false?
false, antiplatelets
Streptokinase, urokinase
Alteplase, reteplase are?
Thrombolytic Drugs
list some Anticoagulant Drugs
heparin, warfarin, and direct thrombin inhibitor
n has rapid onset of action, used parenterally is?
heparin
aspirin is?
Antiplatelet Drugs
Platelets play a central role in?
pathologic coronary and cerebral artery occlusion
Aspirin is used to?
prevent further infarcts in persons who have had 1 or more myocardial infarcts-transient ischemic attacks (TIAs), ischemic stroke
after MI or placement of a coronary artery stent which drug is used?
Antiplatelet like Clopidogrel, ticagrelor, prasugrel
Vitamin K
Clotting factors/desmopressin
Antiplasmin agents
are all used for?
bleeding disorders
