Principles of Immunisation Flashcards
What are the two types of immunity?
Acquired
Innate
What two types of acquired immunity are there?
Active
Passive
What are the two types of active/passive immunity?
Natural
Artificial
What are the advantages of active immunity?
Long term
Immunological memory
How does the speed of the active immune system differ in the first exposure vs the subsequent exposures?
The first exposure takes a long time for a response but all subsequent exposures are reacted to faster
Which antibody is first synthesized in an immunological response?
IgM
Which antibody is the most abundant in subsequent exposures?
IgG
How do live vaccines work?
A “live” but altered pathogen is exposed to the body so that the active immune system produces a immune response
What is a risk when giving a live vaccine?
That the vaccine will revert to the harmful organism
When can you not give live vaccine?
If the patient is immunosupressed or pregnant
Which antibody is produced in mucousal infections?
IgA
Which antibody is produced in allergic reactions?
IgE
What activates B-lyphphocytes in an immune reaction?
T-helper cells
List the uses for antibodies in infection
Neutralises the bacterial toxins
Neutralises viruses in viraemic stage
Prevent adherence to microorganisms
Useful means of diagnosis
What are examples of live vaccines?
BCG, MMR and Polio
