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Principles of Disease > Drug Distribution > Flashcards

Drug Distribution Flashcards

1
Q

What must happen for a trug to be considered active?

A

The drug must leave the bloodstream to the site of action

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2
Q

What factors affect drug distribution?

A 
Tissue perfusion
Elimination 
plasma protein binding 
Membrane characteristics 
disease
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3
Q

What membrane characteristics affect drug distribution?

A

Whether a drug is lipid soluble
Whether there is a active pathway for the drug
Whether there is a special barrier eg blood brain barrier

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4
Q

Is a drug active when it is bound or unbound?

A

Unbound

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5
Q

Is drug - protein binding reversible?

A

Yes

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6
Q

What factors affect protein drug binding?

A 
Renal failure 
Drug-drug interactions
Hypoalbuminaemia 
saturation 
Pregnancy
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7
Q

Define the apparent volume of distribution

A

The volume of drug that distributes around the body

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8
Q

What does a high volume of distribution mean?

A

A greater ability for a drug to diffuse through membranes

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9
Q

What is the theoretical volume of distribution?

A

40L

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10
Q

What would the volume of distribution be in a drug that does not penetrate cells?

A

12L

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11
Q

If a drug has a high rate of protein binding what would its volume of distribution?

A

3L

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12
Q

Define clearance?

A

Clearance is the theoretical volume which a drug is removed over a period of time

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13
Q

What is clearance a measure of?

A

Elimination

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14
Q

What is renal clearance dependent on?

A

Concentration of drug and urine flow rate

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15
Q

What is hepatic clearance dependent on?

A

Metabolism

Biliary excretion

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16
Q

Define drug half life

A

The time taken for the drug concentration in the blood in the blood to half

17
Q

What factors affect half life?

A

Volume of distribution

Rate of clearance

18
Q

What effect does prolongation of the half life for a drug have?

A

Increases drug toxicity

19
Q

Why is it important to know a drugs half life?

A

To determine time between doses

20
Q

How many doses of a drug are generally needed to achieve a steady state?

A

4-5

21
Q

Define elimination

A

Removal of active drug in the body

22
Q

What does drug elimination determine?

A

Length of action of the drug

23
Q

What two factors affect elimination?

A

Metabolism

Excretion

24
Q

What are the three principle mechanism used by the kidneys in drug excretion?

A

Glomerular filtration
Passive tubular reabsorbtion
Active tubular secretion

Principles of Disease (10 decks)

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