Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

RDN Exam > Principles Of Dietetics - topic B: education, communication and technology > Flashcards

Principles Of Dietetics - topic B: education, communication and technology Flashcards

1
Q

components of the educational plan

A

targeted setting and clientele - multicultural awareness

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

targeted setting and clientele - ineffective communication

A

can result in incorrect diagnoses and noncompliance with treatment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

targeted setting and clientele - cultural communication styles differ

A
  • rate, pitch volume of the voice
  • eye contact: direct gaze or avert eyes as a sign of respect
  • expression restrained, emotional, focused
  • speech: slow and soft, loud and fast
  • greetings: handshake firm, mild
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

targeted setting and clientele - spatial relationships & communication

A

vary among cultures and among individuals
- personal zone: 18” - 4’ when giving instructions or working closely with others

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

targeted setting and clientele - working with clients with limited English skills

A

Use common terms and avoid slang, acronyms, and shorthand. use short simple sentences

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

targeted setting and clientele - how to speak to client

A

always speak directly to the client

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

needs assessment - pedagogy

A

art and science of teaching children; teachers are authority figures

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

needs assessment - andragogy

A

adults are mutual partners in learning, more problem-centered than subject-centered, motivation is more internal than external, self-directed learned

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

needs assessment - very poor

A

short term planners, more concerned about current issues first

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

needs assessment - elderly

A

decreased attention span; audience participation to maintain interest; control questions to stay on topic; prefer written material
- 30 min sessions
- control input
- bullet pts, easy to read and follow
- educational material based on clientele

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

educational plan - DEVELOP goals and objectives - objectives

A

what it is (action), who it is (target), when or time frame, measure of outcome (of intervention); specific, measurable, attainable, relevant, time bound.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

educational plan - develop goals and objectives - consonance

A

is a fit between the program and the expected outcomes based on the objectives - will your objectives lead to the expected outcomes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

educational plan - content - instructional media

A

-instructional media selected depends on the teaching goals, the size and learning style of the audience, the physical facility, the equipment and time available

computers, programmed instruction materials can substitute for instructors in certain aspects of the learning process
- used to learn purely cognitive (factual) info; leaves instructor more time to develop affective and psychomotor learning

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

educational plan - evaluation criteria

A

what is the purpose (why), timing (when), and the specific outcome (what)? what will you evaluate, when and how?

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

educational plan - evaluation criteria - norm referencing

A

compares students with the norm of a group

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

educational plan - evaluation criteria
- criterion referencing

A

measures performance against a standard or defined objective

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

educational plan - budget development

A

periodic budget reviews help control resources and help adhere to the planning schedule

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

educational plan - program promotion - tools

A

tool: advertising, sales promotion, personal promotion and public relations
- advertising - purchased print or electronic media. targeted message to carefully defined audience
- sales promotion - short term incentives to encourage purchases (coupons)
- personal promotion - formal/information presentations, health fairs, cooking demonstrations, media interviews. direct contact provides positive feedback
- public relations (publicity): organized effort to promote a favorable image through news coverage or goodwill.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

educational theories

A

types or domains of learning
- includes: cognitive, affective, and psychomotor

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

educational theories - cognitive

A

acquisition of knowledge or subject matter (factual information)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

educational theories - affective

A

acquisition of attitudes and values, growth in feelings or emotions - subjective learning

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

educational theories - psychomotor

A

acquisition of muscular skills (exercises, food prep)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

educational theories - Bloom’s taxonomy - objectives for the hierarchy of learning

A

at lower level must be mastered before more complex learning can take place. is the level of learning appropriate based on the group’s prior learning and present ability? educational sessions begins with what do they know?

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

educational theories - educational readiness assessment

A

how to teach depends on the needs and readiness of the learner

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

educational readiness assessment - motivational level

A

affects attention span

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

educational readiness assessment - educational level

A

not always related to amount of formal education

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

educational readiness assessment - situational assessment

A
  • inexperienced: young children, some adults lacking nutrition training, need thorough introduction and background
  • moderately experienced: teachers, health educators, patients already instructed. emphasize review of material, reorganize it for better use, move on to more complicated concepts
  • very experienced: limit audience participation at first, establish yourself as the expert, cite credentials, lecture format/AVs
  • economics, time needed, availability, environmental
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

behavior modification - change strategies

A

techniques are based on a cause and effect explanation of behavior

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

behavior modification - change strategies - ABC framework

A

therapy can focus on the cues (antecedent), the behavior itself, or the consequences of the behavior
- an antecedent is an event or environment that triggers a specific behavior or response.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

behavior modification methods - positive reinforcement

A

encourages repetition of a given behavior - praise them for changes their making
- should be specific and immediate; meaningful attention from superiors

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

behavior modification methods - avoidance learning

A

learn to escape from unpleasant consequences
- avoid future criticism by improving future performance

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

behavior modification methods - extinction

A
  • reduce undesired behavior
  • absence of reinforcement following undesired behavior (ignore)
  • if extinction is repeated, behavior will eventually disappear
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

transtheoretical stages of change model

A
  • behavior involves series of stage
  • determine stages to assess readiness to change
  • tailoring intervention to their stage of change is more effective
  • pre-contemplation, contemplation, preparation, action, maintenance
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

transtheoretical stages of change model - pre-contemplation

A

unaware or not interested in making a change “I did not know salt had any effect on my blood pressure”

35
Q

transtheoretical stages of change model - contemplation

A

thinking about making a change in the near future
“I was looking at the salt content in the foods I have at home.”
“I know what to do, but….”

36
Q

transtheoretical stages of change model - preparation

A

decides to change and plans the change
“I bought a cookbook on low salt cooking”

37
Q

transtheoretical stages of change model - action

A

tries to make the change
“I removed the salt shaker from the kitchen table”

38
Q

transtheoretical stages of change model - maintenance

A

sustains the change for 6 months or longer
“I found a website that helps me plan family low sodium meals”

39
Q

health belief model

A
  • a person must perceive the severity and their susceptibility to the threat for the threat to be a behavior-motivating factor
  • people will engage in healthy behaviors if they value the outcome - then they will engage in the behavior
40
Q

diffusion of innovation

A

how an innovation, an idea, or behavior spreads
- models all assess where person is now and go from there

41
Q

communication principles

A
  • motivation eases transition to new behaviors; key is success and support
  • involve learner in an active way (prevents greatest retention); application of the info and active involvement of the learner permits the greatest retention (select menu items) - have person perform task
  • offer alternatives provisionally rather than dogmatically (commanding)
  • message should be clear, complete, concise, concrete, correct (5 C’s)
42
Q

communications principles - listening responses

A

clarification: pose a question after an ambiguous client message; used to make previous message explicit
active or reflective listening: paraphrase or repeat back what was just said
- focus on the thoughts and feelings of others rather than on their own personal reaction
- absorb what is being said and respond to the person’s concerns

43
Q

communication principles - legitimation statement & feedback

A
  • a legitimation statement acknowledges that there was a reason for a behavior, indicating that the response from the client was legitimate - “you have a right to feel upset, anybody would”
  • feedback - info client gives back to you as you are discussing and questioning; lets you know what he knows and what he understands about what you are saying
44
Q

communication principles - environment

A

psychological - openness, encourage questions, informal, supportive
physical - comfortable temperature, lighting, chairs; maintain eye contact; free from outside noise
confidentiality must be respected

45
Q

communication principles - method of instruction

A

is based on the size of the group and the educational and motivational aspects of the group’s members
- the discussion method of teaching helps master higher-level cognitive objectives
- small group discussion - some lecture plus interaction; beneficial in clinical setting; teacher needs to remain in control; 3-5 people with similar needs; learn from each other

46
Q

communication principles - group process, group dynamics, skills to develop as a group leader

A
  • relieve social concerns of the group; all must feel accepted
  • tolerate silence - after introductions, state purpose of gathering, state your intentions not to participate, sit patiently
  • guide and encourage interactions; don’t become focus
  • know when and how to resume control
  • reinforce “multi-sided” nature of conversation; ‘How do you feel about that?”
  • exercise control over talkative participants; encourage silent members
  • halt side conversations by engaging the distractors; discourage wisecracks
  • help group stay on topic; avoid showing your preference
    negotiating techniques:
  • plan strategy in advance - know what you are willing to accept
  • don’t start with the hard issues; be direct, clear, calm, patient, tolerant
47
Q

communication principles - group process - synergy

A

the groups product (decision) is superior to what the most resourceful individual within the group could have produced by working alone - collective decision is superior

48
Q

implementation - interviewing - steps

A
  • requires strong listening and verbal communication skills
    1. preparation - before the interview itself - collect background information
    1. build rapport when face to face with client
    1. collect data: begin with open-ended, nonjudgmental questions
49
Q

implementation - interviewing - kinesics

A
  • kinesics - non-verbal/physical communication
  • arms folded across chest - dislike, avoidance
  • clenched fists - anxiety, anger; crossing and uncrossing legs - anxiety
50
Q

implementation - interviewing - nonverbal communication - paralinguistic

A

how the client’s message is delivered
- hesitations, stuttering - sensitivity, anxiety
- whispering- difficulty in disclosing

51
Q

implementation - interviewing - nonverbal communication - proxemics

A

personal space
- moves away- discomfort; moves closers - seeking more interaction
- sits behind or next to an object - seeks protection

52
Q

implementation - counseling techniques

A
  • listen first to assess prior knowledge
  • reinforce correct knowledge, clarify misinformation
52
Q

implementation - counselor’s responses to client - evaluative

A

make judgment about persons feelings, or imply how he should feel. leads to offering of advice, not problem-solving, seldom helpful.
“If you eat too much ice cream, I suggest you stop buying ice cream”

53
Q

implementation - counselor’s responses to client - hostile

A

uncontrolled anger or frustration; may antagonize or humiliate client
“maybe you are not losing weight because you are not trying hard enough”

54
Q

implementation - counselor’s responses to client - reassuring

A

may make it difficult to solve the client’s problem or discuss it further. Suggests the problem does not exist. client is prevented from working through feelings. little attempt is made to understand the needs of the client. “don’t worry about making changes… it just takes time”

55
Q

implementation - counselor’s responses to client - probing

A

attempt to clarify or gain more information as they recall details. may encourage conversation. “can you tell me more about that?”

56
Q

implementation - counselor’s responses to client - understanding

A

one of the best ways to respond, try to recreate the persons message in your own frame of reference. may lead to more client cooperation. helps client feel accepted and safe in expressing their feelings. “you seem to be saying that you are feeling….”

57
Q

interviewing - CBT (cognitive behavioral therapy)

A

focus on identifying behaviors and thoughts that have a negative impact on desired behaviors and goals and apply strategies to change those thoughts

58
Q

interviewing - MI - motivational interviewing

A

helps clients recognize and begin to resolve their concerns and problems. the goal is to increase motivation so that clients are able to express the rationale for the changes that need to be made. people make changes only when they are ready to change. it is a client-centered method for enhancing intrinsic motivation, guides rather than directs, and does not give advice to the client

59
Q

interviewing - methods of communication - written

A
  • more formal and authoritative: email, texting, handouts
  • keep reading level of materials around the 8th grade for the general population and the 6th grade for audiences of lower literacy abilities
  • procedure for determining readability: SMOG index gives grade level of written text by determining the average number of polysyllabic words
60
Q

interviewing - methods of communication - verbal

A

more personal, encourages two-way communication
- most critical barrier: poor listening skills

61
Q

evaluation of educational outcomes

A

evaluate each step in the educational process: assessment- assess learner, planning- evaluate plan in each phase of the process, implementation and evaluation of outcomes

62
Q

evaluation of educational outcomes - formative

A

made early or during course of education, can change direction
- how should we do this?
- helps pinpoint parts mastered and parts not mastered
- allows for revision of plans and methods to improve the process
- client must be involved; focus group, pre-test, pilot test
- frequent feedback of results guides the rest of the educational process
- often qualitative with data collection by observation, interviews

63
Q

evaluation of educational outcomes - summative

A
  • designed at planning stage but conducted at end
  • did we achieve what we planned?
  • example: post-test
  • considered final; purpose may be grading, or evaluation of progress
  • have client perform a task using new information
  • did it result in desired changes?
  • uses quantitative approaches to appriase results, outcomes, or quality
64
Q

evaluation strategies are developed once objectives are established - formal

A
  • objective test - not well-suited for clinic or community setting (multiple choice) - doesn’t work well
  • performance test - client asked to complete task based on learning objectives - perform what they’ve learned, active involvement helps retention
65
Q

evaluation of educational outcomes - evaluation of effectiveness of educational plans

A
  • did it alter patient knowledge, behavior or attitude? rate of lapse or relapse?
  • timeliness, appropriateness, accuracy? within budget? degree of growth?
  • meet specific targeted needs? quality of presentation?
66
Q

evaluation of educational outcomes - documentation

A
  • documentation of employee education and training is essential for safety issues and the correct use of all equipment
  • the joint commission requires documentation of nutrition services to evaluate medical nutrition therapy and for any legal issues that may arise
67
Q

evaluation of educational outcomes - client information

A

all medical and financial information is confidential

68
Q

healthcare and nutrition informatics systems/technologies - telehealth services

A
  • use of electronic information and technologies to support long-distance clinical health care, patient and professional education, public health administration, remote patient face-to-face services, via live video conferencing, store and forward telecommunication services (clinical data, images, sound, video) which can be retrieved by another site for clinical evaluation
  • reimbursement for telehealth services varies among payers. each payer determines the current procedural terminology (CPT) codes they will recognize for reimbursement
69
Q

healthcare and nutrition informatics systems/technologies - telenutrition

A

RDN uses electronic information and technologies to implement the NCP with clients at a remote location within provisions of their state license as applicable. Medicare Part B allows some services provided by RDNs to be offered via telehealth including MNT, diabetes self-management training

70
Q

healthcare and nutrition informatics systems/technologies - altmetrics

A

presentation of amount of activity from Twitter, Facebook, science blogs, mainstream news and other sources over time

71
Q

healthcare and nutrition informatics systems/technologies - NCP National Consumer Panel

A

data helps manufacturers understand consumer preferences on specific brands; enables retailers to stock the right item assortment for their local markets

72
Q

public policy advocacy and legislation - the legislative branch

A

congress, senators, representatives may introduce and enact a law and can override a veto by the executive branch

73
Q

public policy advocacy and legislation - the executive branch

A

(President) may veto legislation or sign it into law

74
Q

public policy advocacy and legislation - the judiciary

A

may discard a law if it considers it in violation of a person’s basic rights and freedoms

75
Q

public policy advocacy and legislation - stages

A
  • legislation enters as a bill or a resolution
  • the bill is sent to committees which schedule public hearings where testimony is taken from bill’s sponsors. nutritionist can present views here or in earlier planning stages
  • it needs approval from both houses (house of representatives and senate) and the president
  • differences between the two houses are worked out in a joint house- senate conference committee, ultimately passing a reconciliation bill
  • appropriations bill must be passed to provide funding-fund legislation
  • regulations are written by staff members of the agencies charged with enforcing the regulations
76
Q

operating and enforcement agencies that carry out the law - FTC (federal trade commission)

A
  • regulates content of food ads; enforces truth-in-labeling; challenges product claims when product crosses state lines
  • things that are sold
77
Q

operating and enforcement agencies that carry out the law - FDA

A

ensures safety of some domestic and imported food products

78
Q

operating and enforcement agencies that carry out the law - FCC (federal communications commission

A

licenses radio and TV

79
Q

public policy advocacy and legislation - resources - federal register

A

notices of public hearings, proposed and final rules, agency decisions, published weekly; lists changes in USDA food programs

80
Q

public policy advocacy and legislation that affects nutrition education programs - Child Nutrition Reauthorization

A

covers NSLP, SBP, CACFR (Child and Adult Care Food Program), SFSP (summer food service program), SMP (special milk program), and WIC

81
Q

public policy advocacy and legislation that affects nutrition education programs - The Farm Bill

A

covers national and international nutrition education, research, funding.

82
Q

public policy advocacy and legislation that affects nutrition education programs - The Older Americans Act

A

funds nutrition programs in the community

RDN Exam (14 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions