Nutrition Care for Individuals and Groups: Topic b - nutrition diagnosis

Question 1

Nutrition diagnosis

Answer 1

identification of and labeling a nutritional problem
that dietetics professionals are responsible for treating independently. Nutrition
diagnosis changes as the patient’s response changes. (undesirable overweight
status)

Question 2

Medical diagnosis

Answer 2

is a disease or pathology that can be treated or prevented. It
does not change as long as the condition exists. (Type 1 Diabetes)

Question 3

Pathophysiology

Answer 3

is the disruption of normal body functions that is seen in
disease.

Question 4

Differential diagnosing

Answer 4

which of many problems with similar symptoms is the
correct diagnosis. Requires comparisons and contrasts of all findings.

Question 5

Diagnosis links assessment to

Answer 5

intervention and sets realistic and measurable
outcomes

Question 6

The Academy’s NCP standardized language is

Answer 6

the basis for collecting evidence
that nutrition care improves outcome

Question 7

Clinical NC

Answer 7

nutritional findings/problems that relate to medical/physical condition
1. Functional balance - physical or mechanical change that interferes/prevents
desired nutritional results; swallowing difficulty, altered GI function
2. Biochemical balance - change in capacity to metabolize nutrients due to
medications, surgery, or indicated by lab values
3. Weight balance - chronic or changed weight status when compared with UBW:
underweight, involuntary weight loss, overweight

Question 8

Intake NI

Answer 8

actual problems related to intake
1. Caloric energy balance: actual or estimated changes in energy
(hypermetabolism, hypometabolism, increased energy expenditure)
2. Oral or nutrition support intake: inadequate or excessive compared with goal
3. Fluid intake balance: inadequate or excessive compared with goal
4. Bioactive substances: supplements, alcohol, functional foods
5. Nutrient balance: intake of nutrients compared with desired levels

Question 9

Behavioral-environmental NB:

Answer 9

problems related to knowledge, access to food
and food safety
1. Knowledge and beliefs: knowledge deficit, harmful beliefs, disordered eating
pattern, undesirable food choices
2. Physical activity balance and function: inactivity, excessive exercise, impaired
ability to prepare foods
3. Food safety and access

Question 10

PES

Answer 10

A. One problem (diagnostic label): adjective that describes the human response
(altered, impaired, increased, risk of)
B. One etiology (cause/contributing risk factors) linked to the problem by words
“related to” (why the problem exists)
C. Assessment of signs (objective data … observable changes) and symptoms
(subjective data are changes the patient expresses) linked to etiology by words
“as evidenced by” (proof of the problem)
D. Examples
1. Overweight (problem) related to intake of high fat foods (etiology) resulting
in more than 300 extra calories per day as evidenced by a BMI of 30
(sign/symptom).
2. Impaired ability to prepare foods (problem) related to fatigue (etiology) as
evidenced by patient only eating 1 meal each day (symptom).
3. Chewing difficulty (P) related to oral surgery (E) as evidenced by
missing teeth (S)
4. Inadequate vitamin A intake (P) related to knowledge deficit of food sources of
vitamin A (E) as evidenced by night blindness (S).
E. Prioritizing: Select the most important and urgent problem to be addressed

Question 11

Evaluate the PES statement by asking the following questions.

Answer 11

1. Can you resolve or improve the nutrition diagnosis for this person/group?
   If you have diagnoses from two domains …. , consider intake diagnoses
   as more specific to the nutrition professional.
   More likely to facilitate a nutrition-directed intervention.
2. Is the etiology you selected the “root cause” that can be addressed with
   nutrition intervention? Or can you at least lessen the signs and symptoms?
3. Will measuring the signs and symptoms indicate if the problem is resolved or
   improved? Are the signs and symptoms specific enough … that you can
   monitor and document resolution or improvement of the nutrition diagnosis?
4. Does the nutrition assessment data support a particular nutrition diagnosis with
   a typical etiology and signs and symptoms?

Question 12

Identifying the etiology leads to the selection of a nutrition intervention aimed at

Answer 12

resolving the underlying cause of the nutrition problem when possible.
If that is not possible, then the nutrition intervention is targeted at minimizing the
symptoms of the nutrition problem.
If the assessment indicates that no nutrition problem currently exists that warrants
a nutrition intervention … “No nutrition diagnosis at this time.”

Question 13

Critical thinking skills needed:

Answer 13

1. Finding patterns and relationships among the data and possible causes
2. Making inferences (if this continues … then this is likely to happen)
3. Stating the problem clearly and being objective
4. Rule in or out specific diagnoses; prioritize the relative importance of problems