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204 anatomy > principles of articulation > Flashcards

principles of articulation Flashcards

1
Q

what are the different movements of joints?

A

synarthrosis- no movement ampharthrosis- little movement diarthrosis- freely moveable

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2
Q

what are the different types of joints ?

A
  • fibrous - cartilaginous - synovial
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3
Q

what are the 3 types of fibrous joint?

A
  • suture - syndemosis - interosseous
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4
Q

what is it called when bones fuse together?

A

synostosis

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5
Q

what are features of suture fibrous joint?

A
  • thin layer of dense connective tissue - dont move- synarthrosis - irreular interlocking edges gives strength e.g. orbital suture in head that synostosis when oscified at 6yrs old
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6
Q

what are features of syndesmosis fibrous tissue?

A

more connective tissue than suture joint crosses greater distance bundles into ligaments semimovement- amphiarthosis

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7
Q

what are features of interouseous membrane?

A

sheet of dense connective tissue connects adjacent long bone- like tibula and tiba amphiarthosis

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8
Q

what are the different cartilaginous joints?

A

synchrondrosis symphysis

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9
Q

what are features of synchrodosis cartilaginous jonts?

A
  • hayline cartilage - synarthrosis - e.g. epiphyseal growth plates
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10
Q

what are the features of the cartilaginous symphysis joints?

A
  • connective tissue is fibrocartilage - amphiarthrosis
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11
Q

what are features of synovial joints?

A
  • synovial cavity - hayline cartilage - diarthrosis
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12
Q

what is the articular cartilage in the synovial joint?

A
  • made of collagen and peptidoglygan - resistance to compression - avascular
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13
Q

what is the synovial joint capsule?

A
  • encapsulates the synovial joint - 2 layers; - outer fibrous- connects to periosteum, fibres arranged in bundles and have high tensile strength - inner is called the synovial membrane and is made of areolar tissue, which is rich in elastic fibres
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14
Q

what is synovial fluid?

A
  • secreted from synovial membrane from fibroblast like cells and fluid from blood plasma - rich in hylauronic acid - shock absorbing properties - supplies nutrition and removes waste products from the avascular cartilage - phagocytes remove microbes and debris
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15
Q

what are the intracapsular ligaments that can be present in synovial joints?

A
  • within the joint capsule - excluded from synovial fluid by folds in synovial membrane e.g. anterior posterior cruciate ligaments of knee
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16
Q

what are extracapsular ligaments of synovial joints?

A

lie outside the joint capsule e.g. fibular and tibial collateral ligaments of the knee

17
Q

what are accessory articular discs

A

found in synovial joints - menisci and articular discs - maintain stability and direct the flow of synovial fluid

18
Q

what is the nerve supply to the synovial joints?

A

nerves - same as those of associated muscles - go to articular capsule and associated ligaments - important for pain and proprioception

19
Q

what is the blood supply to the synovial joint?

A

mainly avascular relies on numerus branching of arteries and veins to supply associated tissues

20
Q

what are all the different types of synovial joints?

A
  • planar - hinge - pivot - condyloid - saddle - ball and socket
21
Q

planar joint

A
  • Surfaces flat or slightly curved
  • Permit back and forth, and side to side movements
  • Examples include:
  • intercarpal joints (between carpal bones at the wrist)
  • intertarsal joints (between tarsal bones at the ankle)
22
Q

hinge joint

A
  • Concave surface of one bone fits the
  • convex surface of another
  • Permits motion in a single axis (flexion and extension)

Examples include:

  • knee joints
  • elbow joints
23
Q

pivot joint

A
  • Rounded or pointed surface of one bone
  • pivots inside a ring formed by the other bone and a ligament
  • Permits rotation in it’s longitudinal axis (monoaxial)

Examples include:

  • radioulnar joints
  • atlanto-axial joint
24
Q

condyloid

A
  • Convex oval projection of one bone fit into the oval depression of the other.
  • Permits movement around two axis (biaxial; flexion and extension, and abduction and adduction)

Examples include:

  • wrist joint
  • metacarpophalangeal joints
25
Q

saddle joint

A

vOne bone fits into the saddle shaped bone it opposes

vModified condyloid joint

vPermits movement around two axis (biaxial; flexion and extension, abduction and adduction, (sometimes limited rotation))

vExamples include:

  • carpometacarpal joint
26
Q

ball and socket

A
  • Ball-like surface of one bone fits into thecup-like depression of the other
  • Triaxial movement around three planes (triaxial; flexion and extension, abduction and adduction, and rotation)

Examples include:

  • shoulder joint
  • hip joint
27
Q

what kind of joint is glenohumeral joint?

A
  • synovial ball and socket jont
  • Joint between the proximal humerus and the scapula (glenoid fossa)
  • Due to the shallowness of the glenoid cavity, it is the most mobile joint in the body
28
Q

what is the purpose of the glenoid labruum?

A

va narrow rim of fibrocartilage – deepens glenoid

29
Q

what are the 3 ligaments that stabalise the glenohumeral joint?

A
  • glenohumeral
  • corocahumeral
  • transverse humeral

also has 4 associated burae

30
Q

what are the rotator cuff muscles?

A

supraspinatus

infraspinatus

teres minor

subscapularis

31
Q

what kind of joint is the acromioclavicular joint

A

vTechnically a synovial gliding joint (planar) but it acts like a pivot

vJoint between the acromion (part of the scapula) and the clavical

32
Q

which ligaments stabilise the acromioclavicular joint?

A

acromioclavicular

coracoacromial

coracolclavicular (conoid and trapezoid)

33
Q

what type of joint is the sternoclavicular joint

A

Synovial saddle joint

Although a saddle joint – is capable of triaxial movement – all movement is passive

34
Q

which ligaments reinforce sternoclavicular ligament?

A

interclavicular,

anterior, and posterior sternoclavicular ligaments

35
Q

how is the sternoclavicular joint split into 2?

A

Fibrocartilagenous articular disc divides the joint into two synovial cavities

204 anatomy (11 decks)

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