anatomy of leg and foot

Question 1

what are the differrent movements the foot can preform?

Answer 1

• dosriflexion/ extention
• plantarflexion/flexion
• eversion
• inversion
• supination
• pronation

Question 2

when standinf feet parralel and facing forwayrs- you rotate your body to look over your left shoulder, what is happening to the position of your feet?

Answer 2

left foot is supinated and right foot pronated

Question 3

what are the different joints of the foot?

Answer 3

• ankle joint
• intertarsal joint
• metatarsophalangeal joint
• interphalangeal joint

Question 4

what is the function of the ankle joint?

Answer 4

dorsiflexion and plantarflexion

Question 5

what is the function of intertarsal joints?

Answer 5

• invert/evert
• supinate/pronate

Question 6

what is the function of intertarsalphalageal joints?

Answer 6

• extention/flexion
• limited adduction and abduction

Question 7

what is the function of interphalangea joints?

Answer 7

extention and flexion

Question 8

what kind of joint is an ankle- and what are its articulations?

Answer 8

• synovial hinge joint
• articulate talus with tibia and fibula

Question 9

which bones make up the tarsals?

Answer 9

• calcaneus
• talus
• cuboid
• navicular
• 3x cuneiforms

Question 10

what are the different ligaments of the ankle?

Answer 10

• lateral collateral ligament
• medial collateral ligament

Question 11

where does the lateral collateral ligament of ankle go?

Answer 11

lateral maleolus to talus and calcaneous

Question 12

where does the medial/ deltoid ligament of the ankle go?

Answer 12

medial maleoulus to calcanous, talus and navicular

Question 13

what happens when you twist your ankle?

Answer 13

ussually an injury to lateral ligament (anterior talofibular ligament)

Question 14

what does the subtallar joint do?

Answer 14

• its betweeen the talus, calcaneous and navicular bones
• it allows inversion and eversion during locomotion

Question 15

what is the function of the plantar aponeurosis?

Answer 15

• its a thickening of deep facia which….
• protects underlying structures
• supports longitudinal arch
• it can become inflamed (plantar faciitis) if overused

Question 16

what are the functions of longitudinal and transverse arches of the foot?

Answer 16

• shock absorption during locomotion
• act as springboards
• weight distribution

Question 17

what happens if you have a fallen medial longitudinal arch?

Answer 17

pas planus (flat feet)

Question 18

what is the function of the anterior compartment of the leg?

Answer 18

extends and inverts foot

Question 19

what is the function of the posterior compartement of the foort?

Answer 19

• flex and inverts foot

Question 20

what is the function of the lateral compartment of the leg?

Answer 20

everts foot

Question 21

what are the muscles of the anterior compartment and their nerve supply?

Answer 21

tibialis- extends and inverts foot

extensor digitorum longus- extends lateral 4 toes

extensor hallucis longus- extneds the bog toe

all origniate from tibia and fibual and pass through extensor retinaculum

all supplied by the deep fibular nerve

Question 22

where do the 3 muslces of the anterior compartment of the leg attatch?

Answer 22

tibialis anterior- medial cuneiform and 1st metatarsal

extensor hallucis longus- distal phalynx of big toe

extensor digitorum longus- middle and distal phalanges

Question 23

what are the muscles of te posterior compartment of the leg?

Answer 23

there are 2 groups;

superficial- gastrocnemius, plantaris and soleus

deep- flexor digitorum longus, tibialis posterior, flexor hallucis longus

all are supplied by the tibial nerve

Question 24

what are the functions of the deep muscles of the posterior compartment?

Answer 24

flexor digitorum longus- flexor of lateral 4 toes

tibialis posterior-inverts foot

flexor hallucis longus- flexor of great toe

Question 25

what are the insertions of the deep muscles of the posterior compartment of the leg?

Answer 25

• flexor hallucis longus- distal phalynx of great toe
• tibialis posterior- medial cuneiforma and navicular
• flexor digitorum longus- distal phalanges

Question 26

what are the muscles of the lateral compartment of the leg?

Answer 26

• fibularis lobgus
• fibularis brevis

* both supplied by superficial fibular nerve

Question 27

which lateral muscle maintains the transverse arch?

Answer 27

fibularis longus

Question 28

what are the insertions of the the muscles of the lateral compartment of the leg?

Answer 28

fibularis longus- medial cuneiform and 1st metatarsal

fibularis brevis- 5th metatarsal

Question 29

what are the 3 retinaculums of the ankle?

Answer 29

2 on lateral side;

extensor retinaculum and fibular retinaculum

1 on medial side;

flexor retinaculum

Question 30

which structures pass through the extensor retinaculum?

Answer 30

tendons of…

• extensor digitorium longus
• extensor hallicus longus
• tibialis anterior

Question 31

which tendons pass throgh the fibular retinaculum?

Answer 31

• fibularis longus
• fibularis brevis

Question 32

which tendons pass through the flexor retinaculum?

Answer 32

• tibialis posterior
• flexor digitorum longus
• flexor hallicus longus

Question 33

what is the blood supply to different compartments of the leg?

Answer 33

popliteal artery splits into anterior and posterior tibial arteries which supply the anterior and posterior compartments

the posterior tibial artery gives off fibular artery to supply the lateral compartment of leg

Question 34

what are the contents of the tarsal tunnel?

Answer 34

• tibialis posterior
• flexor digitorum longus
• posterior tibial artery
• tibial nerve
• flexor hallicus longus