morphological plan of lower limb

Question 1

where are the extensors of the upper limb?

Answer 1

anterior

Question 2

where are the flexors of the upper limb?

Answer 2

posterior

Question 3

what are the functions of the different parts of thigh?

Answer 3

anterior- extends knee posterior- flexes knee medial- adducts thigh

Question 4

what are the functions of the different parts of the leg?

Answer 4

anterior- extends foot posterior- flexors of foot lateral- everts foot

Question 5

what is the function of gluteus maximus?

Answer 5

extention, lateral rotation, and supports extention of knee via iliotibial tract during standing

Question 6

what is the function of gluteus medius?

Answer 6

abductor and medial rotator

Question 7

what is the function of gluteus minimus?

Answer 7

abductor and medial rotator

Question 8

what is the nerve supply to gluteus maximus?

Answer 8

inferior gluteal nerve

Question 9

what are the orgins and insertions of gluteus maximus?

Answer 9

origin: illium inserts: gluteal tuberosity of femur and illiotibial tract

Question 10

which muscle makes the illiotibial tract?

Answer 10

tensor fasciae latae

Question 11

what are the origins and inseritons of gluteus medius and minimus?

Answer 11

origin: illium insertion: greater trochanter of femur

Question 12

what is the nerve supply of gluteus medius and minimus?

Answer 12

superior gluteal nerve

Question 13

what is the origin and insertion and nerve supply of the piriformis?

Answer 13

piriformis is one of the small muslces of the gluteal region origin: sacrum insertion: greater trochanter of femur nerves: sacral plexus

Question 14

what is the function of the small muscles of the gluteal region?

Answer 14

stabilize hip lateral rotation and extention of thigh

Question 15

what are the 4 muscles of the quadraceps (anterior thigh)?

Answer 15

1. rectus femoris
2. vastus lateralis
3. vastus medialis
4. vastus intermedius

Question 16

what is the function of the quadraceps?

Answer 16

extend knee

rector femoris also flexes hip

Question 17

what are the origins and insertions and nerves of the quadratus muscles?

Answer 17

origins: anteriro inferior iliac spine and femur
insertion: tibial tuberosity
nerve: femoral nerve

Question 18

what are the 3 hamstring muscles?

Answer 18

1. biceps femoris
2. semimembranousus (medial)
3. semitendinosus (lateral)

Question 19

what are the orignis inseretions and nerve supply to the hamstrings?

Answer 19

origin: schial tuberosity
insertion: tibia and fibula

nerve supply: sciatic nerve

Question 20

what are the functions of hamstring muscles?

Answer 20

flex knee

extend hip

medial and lateral rotation of knee

Question 21

what are the muscles of the medial compartment of the upper limb?

Answer 21

superficial- pectoneus, adductor longus and glacilis

mid - adductor brevis

deep- adductor magnus (which has an adductor part and a hamstring part)

Question 22

what are the origin, insertion and nerve supply of the muscles of the medial compartment?

Answer 22

origin- pubis and ischium

insertion- linea aspera

nerve supply- obturator nerve- except the pectonius and hamstring part of adductor magnus

pectonius- supplied by femoral nerve

hamstring part of adductor magnus- supplied by sciatic nerve

Question 23

which vertebrae does the femoral nerve arrise from?

Answer 23

l2-4

Question 24

which vertebrae does the obturator nerve srrise from?

Answer 24

l2-4

Question 25

which vertebrae does the sciatic nerve arrise from?

Answer 25

l4-s3

Question 26

what is the function of the femoreal nerve?

Answer 26

motor innervation: to the anterior compartment of thigh sensory innervation: to the skin over anterior thigh, knee and medial side of leg and foot (as saphenous nerve)

Question 27

what is the function of the obturator nerve?

Answer 27

motor supply to; medial compartment of thigh- except pectonious which is supplied by the femoral nerve and hamstring part of adductor magnus, which is supplied by the sciatic nerve sensory: skin over the medial thigh

Question 28

how does the sciatic nerve split?

Answer 28

l2-s3 from greater sciatic foramen passes through popliteal fossa and becomes tibial and common fibular nerve common fibular splits into superficial and deep fibular sural nerve also passes doen into lateral foot

Question 29

what are the functions of the sciatic nerve?

Answer 29

motor- posterior compartment of thigh leg and foot and hamstring part of sdductor magnus sensory; skin iver leh and foot- except on the medial side- which is supplied by the saphenous nerve, which a cutaneous branch of the femoral nerve

Question 30

what is the blood supply of the anterior thigh?

Answer 30

external illiac artery passes through inguinal ligamnet becomes femoral artery- which has a branch called profunda femoris, which supplies posterior thigh femoral artery passes adductor hiatus and becomes popliteal artery which splits into anterior and posterior tibial arteries

Question 31

what are the borders of the femoral triangle?

Answer 31

superior border- inguinal ligament lateral border- sartorius medial border- adductor longus

Question 32

what are the conents of the femoral triangle?

Answer 32

femoral atery , femoral vein and femoral canal (which contains lymphatics) are all within the femoral sheath femoral nerve sits lateral to the femoral artery and is outside of the femoral sheath

Question 33

what is the venous drainage of lower limbs?

Answer 33

- deep veins follow arteries - and there are 2 superficial veins- long shapheous vein and short saphenous vein

Question 34

what does the great saphenous vein do?

Answer 34

- longest vein in body - drains medial side of arch and medial side of limb - drains into the femoral vein in the femoral triangle

Question 35

what is the function of the short saphenous vein?

Answer 35

drains the lateral side of the arch - pierces popliteal fascia and drains into popliteal vein

Question 36

what about lymphatic drainage of the lower limb?

Answer 36

suerficial and deep inguinal lymph nodes follow the pattern ofsuperficial and deep veins

Question 37

what are the dermatomes of the lower limb?

Answer 37