mophological plan of the upper limb Flashcards
what are them movements of the vertebral collumn?
- flexion and extension
- lateral flexion and extentiion
- rotation
what are the curvatures of the spine?
thoracic kyphoses- developed as fetus
cevical lardoses and lumbar lardoses are developed when start crawling and walking
what is the purpose of the curvates of the spine?
- bipedalism
- shock absorption
- flexibility
what are the ligaments in the spine?
anterior longitudinal- prevemts hyperextnetion
posterior lonitudinal ligament- prevents hyperflexion
in between is ligamentum flava
which spinal ligament is hurt as a result of whiplash?
anterior longitudinal ligament
what is the purpose of intervertebral discs?
- weight bearing
- shock absorption
what are the different parts of the discs?
core- nucleus pulpus which is semi fluid
outer part- anulus fibrosus which is strong
what kind of synovial facet joint is in the cervical region?
slightly sloped for flexion, extention and rotation
what kind of facet joint is there in the thoracic vertbrae?
near vertical for rotation only
what type of facet joint is the lumbar spine?
wrapped- for flexion and extention only
what are the superficial extrinsic muscles of the back?
trapezius and latisimus dorsi
which muscles are behind the trapezius?
levator scapulae- elevate scapula
rhomboids (minor and major)- retract the scapula
what are the 3 layers of deep muscles of the back?
splenius- most superficial (in neck)
erector spinae (main group)
mutifidus (very deep)
what are the 3 muscle blocks of the erector spinae?
spinales- goes to spinal process
longissimus- to transverse process
illiocostalis- to ribs
all originate from spinae aponeurosis
