anatomy of hand

Question 1

what are the carpal bones?

Answer 1

starting form the thumb;

scaphoid, lunate, triquntral/triquentrium, pisiform (to pinky)

hamate, capitate, trapezeoid and trapezium

Question 2

what is the clinical importance of the scaphoid?

Answer 2

its commonly fractured

its slow to recover because it has poor blood supply

Question 3

what movement do the radial and ulnar collateral ligaments limit?

Answer 3

abduction and adduction

Question 4

what functions do the ligaments on the palmar and dorsal surfaces limit?

Answer 4

extention and flexion

Question 5

what movement does the saddle joint allow?

Answer 5

enables opposition

Question 6

what type of joints are metacarpalphalageal joints?

Answer 6

condylar joints- they allow flexion, extention, abduction and adduction

Question 7

what do the deep transverse metacarpal ligaments do?

Answer 7

unifies metacarpals

no ligament between digit 1 and 2

Question 8

which muscles extend d2-5?

Answer 8

• extensor digitorium
• extensor indicis
• extensor digiti minimi

Question 9

what are the extensors of d1?

Answer 9

• extnesor pollicic longus
• extensor pollicis brevis
• adductor pollicis longus

Question 10

what are the insertions of the tendons of the muscles of the anatomical snuff box?

Answer 10

abductor pollicus longus- base of first metacarpal

extensor pollicus brevis- to base of proximal phalynx

extensor pollicus longus- the base of distal phalynx

Question 11

where do the lumbricals and interossei insert?

Answer 11

extensor hood

Question 12

what do the lumbricals do?

Answer 12

• they link flexor tendons to the extensor tendons
• they extend interphalangeal joint
• flex metacarpophalangeal joint
• important for precision grip

Question 13

where do lumbricals and interosseri insert?

Answer 13

• onto the extensor hoods

Question 14

how many palmar interossei are there?

Answer 14

• interossei sit between the metacarpals
• metacarpals-> extensor hood
• 3 palmar interossei at d2,4 and 5

Question 15

what is the function of the palmar interossei?

Answer 15

adduct MCP joints

Question 16

how many dorsal interossei are there?

Answer 16

go from metacarpals to extensor hoods of d2-4, d3 has 2 interossei

Question 17

which muscles preform abduction of d1 and d5?

Answer 17

thenar and hypothenar muscles

Question 18

what is the function of thenar and hypothenar?

Answer 18

thenar- fine movement of thumb

hypothenar- fine movement of little finger

Question 19

what are the 3 muscles of the thenar?

Answer 19

1. openens pollicis- deepest
2. abductor pollicis brevis
3. flexor pollicis brevis

Question 20

what are the functions of the thenar muscles?

Question 21

what are the three hypothenar muscles?

Answer 21

1. openens digiti minimi (deepest)
2. abductor gigiti minimi
3. flexor digiti minimi

Question 22

what are the origins and insertion of the 2 heads of adductor pollicus?

Answer 22

adductor pollicus is deep to the thenar muscle

oblique head–> origin: 2nd and 3rd metacarpal and carpal bones

transverse head–> 3rd metacarpal

both insert onto the proximal phalynx

Question 23

what is the bloos supply to d1 and 1/2 d2?

Answer 23

radial artery forms the deep palmar arch which has a priceps pollicis branch

this supplies d1

radialism indicis supplies half d2

Question 24

what is the blood supply to 1/2 D2-D5?

Answer 24

mainly the ulnar artery which forms the superficial arch, which gives off 3 palmer digital arteries

Question 25

what is the function of extensor idicis?

Answer 25

extends all joints of the index finger

Question 26

what structures in the hand does the median nerve supply?

Answer 26

reccurent branch-> thenar muscle

digital branches of the median nerve–> 2 lateral lumbricals

digital nerves also supply d1-1/2 d4

Question 27

what structures in the hand does the ulnar nerve supply?

Answer 27

deep branch to….

• hypothenar muscle
• interossei
• 2 medial lumbricals
• adductor pollicis

superficial branch to

• sensoey 1/2 d4 and d5