anatomy of hand Flashcards
what are the carpal bones?
starting form the thumb;
scaphoid, lunate, triquntral/triquentrium, pisiform (to pinky)
hamate, capitate, trapezeoid and trapezium
what is the clinical importance of the scaphoid?
its commonly fractured
its slow to recover because it has poor blood supply
what movement do the radial and ulnar collateral ligaments limit?
abduction and adduction
what functions do the ligaments on the palmar and dorsal surfaces limit?
extention and flexion
what movement does the saddle joint allow?
enables opposition
what type of joints are metacarpalphalageal joints?
condylar joints- they allow flexion, extention, abduction and adduction
what do the deep transverse metacarpal ligaments do?
unifies metacarpals
no ligament between digit 1 and 2
which muscles extend d2-5?
- extensor digitorium
- extensor indicis
- extensor digiti minimi
what are the extensors of d1?
- extnesor pollicic longus
- extensor pollicis brevis
- adductor pollicis longus
what are the insertions of the tendons of the muscles of the anatomical snuff box?
abductor pollicus longus- base of first metacarpal
extensor pollicus brevis- to base of proximal phalynx
extensor pollicus longus- the base of distal phalynx
where do the lumbricals and interossei insert?
extensor hood
what do the lumbricals do?
- they link flexor tendons to the extensor tendons
- they extend interphalangeal joint
- flex metacarpophalangeal joint
- important for precision grip
where do lumbricals and interosseri insert?
- onto the extensor hoods
how many palmar interossei are there?
- interossei sit between the metacarpals
- metacarpals-> extensor hood
- 3 palmar interossei at d2,4 and 5
what is the function of the palmar interossei?
adduct MCP joints
how many dorsal interossei are there?
go from metacarpals to extensor hoods of d2-4, d3 has 2 interossei
which muscles preform abduction of d1 and d5?
thenar and hypothenar muscles
what is the function of thenar and hypothenar?
thenar- fine movement of thumb
hypothenar- fine movement of little finger
what are the 3 muscles of the thenar?
- openens pollicis- deepest
- abductor pollicis brevis
- flexor pollicis brevis
what are the functions of the thenar muscles?
what are the three hypothenar muscles?
- openens digiti minimi (deepest)
- abductor gigiti minimi
- flexor digiti minimi
what are the origins and insertion of the 2 heads of adductor pollicus?
adductor pollicus is deep to the thenar muscle
oblique head–> origin: 2nd and 3rd metacarpal and carpal bones
transverse head–> 3rd metacarpal
both insert onto the proximal phalynx
what is the bloos supply to d1 and 1/2 d2?
radial artery forms the deep palmar arch which has a priceps pollicis branch
this supplies d1
radialism indicis supplies half d2
what is the blood supply to 1/2 D2-D5?
mainly the ulnar artery which forms the superficial arch, which gives off 3 palmer digital arteries
