PRINCIPLE OF ANTIMICROBIAL THERAPY Flashcards

1
Q

Nyatakan 3 jenis agen antiinfektif dan definisi

A

(1) Antibiotik - suatu produk metabolik yang dihasilkan dari mikoorrganisma utk membunuh mikroorganisma lain
(2) Antimicrobial - bahan kimia / drug yg digunakan utk menghalang pertumbuhan mikro
(3) Chemotherapeuric - bahn yg dihasilkan scr sintetik ttp mmpunyai ksn yg sma dgn antibiotik

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2
Q

Nyatakan klasifikasi antimicrobial drug

A
  • sumber
  • kesan kpd mikroorganisma
  • moa
  • spektrum aktiviti
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3
Q

Terangkan “resistance”

A
  • resistance ialah keupayaan organisma secara semulajadi / genetik dalam melawan serangan pathogen
  • resistance terbahagi kepada 2 iaitu semulajadi & perolehan
  • secara semulajadi terbahagi kpd 3 (transformation,conjugation,transduction)
  • secara perolehan terbhg kpd 4
    # penghasilan enzim oleh bact
    # perubhn pd drug binding site
    # pengurangan drug uptake
    # altered metabolic pathway
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4
Q

Terangkan selective toxicity

A

disebabkan oleh perbezaan struktur & metabolism antara sel perumah dgn pathogen, agen infektif lebih toksik / menyerang patogen tersebut. Drug akan memperngaruhi proses sintesis bhn komponen sel agen antiinfektif

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5
Q

Terangkan superinfection

A

Jangkitan baru akibat pertumbuhan berlebihan bacteria yang rintang terhadap antibiotik yg disebabkn oleh penggunaan antibiotik broad spectrum dlm jangka masa pnjag

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6
Q

Nyatakan prinsip

A
  • selection of antimicrobial agents
  • determinants of rational dosing
  • types of spectrum activity
  • combination of antimicrobial drugs
  • antibiotic/drug resistance
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7
Q

Nytakan cth ubat bg stp spektrum aktiviti

A

1) Narrow spectrum - Isoniazid
2) Extended spectrum - Ampicillin & Amoxicillin
3) Broad spectrum - Tetracycline

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8
Q

Kelebihan combination of antimicrobial drugs

A
  • utk mendapatkan spektrum aktiviti lebih luas
  • utk memberi ksn synergism
  • utk merawat jangkitan mixed bacterial
  • utk merawat serious infection
  • utk mengelakkan bacteria resistance
  • utk kurangkn ksn toksik agen infektif
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9
Q

Berikan cth combination of antimicrobial drugs

A

Augmentin = Amoxicillin + Clavulanate
Penicillin + Aminoglycosode = Synergism
Tetracycline + Sulfonamide = Addition
Penicillin + Erythromycin = Antagonism

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10
Q

Terangkan antibiotic/drug resistance

A

Keupayaan mikroorganisma utk menghasilkan protein/enzim utk menghalang kemasukan agen anti infektif ke dalam sel

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11
Q

Nyatakan kaedah penggunaan antibitok

A
  • Definitive therapy
  • Empirical therapy
  • Prophylactic therapy
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12
Q

Adverse effects of antimicrobial therapy

A
  • hypersensitivity
  • resistance
  • direct toxic reactions toward organs
  • reactions related to alterations in normal body flora leads to resistance
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