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Anthro > Primate Social Groups PART 1 > Flashcards

Primate Social Groups PART 1 Flashcards

1
Q

This lecture covers (4)

A

1) Sociality
2) Social Organization
3) Mating System
4) Social Structures

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2
Q

What is a major advantage of living as a group? (2)

A

1) Predation Defense Hypothesis

2) Resource Defence Hypothesis

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3
Q

What does it mean to be Crypsis

A

Ability to avoid detection by predators

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4
Q

Old school monkey - The switch to Diurnal why? (2)

A

1) Less competition

2) More food via detection

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5
Q

Old school monkey - The switch to Diurnal why -What ended happening to those with that competitive advantage

A

Other got it and reduced its value

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6
Q

Old school monkey - The switch to Diurnal why -What ended happening to those with that competitive advantage - The Solution!

A

Sociality: Predator Defence Hypothesis

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7
Q

Sociality: Predator Defence Hypothesis - 3’d

A

1) Collective Detection
2) Dilution effect
3) Defence (aka Deterrence)

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8
Q

Sociality: Predator Defence Hypothesis - 3’d - Collective Detection

A
  1. Having others around you greatly helps with detecting predators.
  2. Less time scanning - saves energy
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9
Q

Sociality: Predator Defence Hypothesis - 3’d - Dilution Effect

A

Less likely to be caught given a big herd

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10
Q

Sociality: Predator Defence Hypothesis - 3’d -Defence (aka Deterrence)

A

Can deter predators by attacking defending as a group

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11
Q

Major Benefits to group living: Resources Defence Hypothesis

A
  1. Group living improves access to food by group defending food patches
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12
Q

Are the two theories of benefits to group living: Resources Defence Hypothesis & Predator Defence Hypothesus mutually exclusive to one another?

A

NO

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13
Q

What are some other benefits to group living? (3)

A

1) Mates readily available
2) Everyone communicates food found
3) Protection from Infanticide

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14
Q

What are the COST of group living? (3)

A

1) Intra competition - food
2) Intracomeptition - mates
3) Disease veneration

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15
Q

The size and composition of primate group in nature reflects a compromise between its benefit and cost - T OR F

A

T

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16
Q

The size and composition of primate group in nature reflects a compromise between its benefit and cost- Benefit looks like what

A

Diminishing returns graph - group size to benefit

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17
Q

The size and composition of primate group in nature reflects a compromise between its benefit and cost- Cost looks like what

A

exponential curve -group size to cost

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18
Q

The size and composition of primate group in nature reflects a compromise between its benefit and cost- What is the ideal graph/ optimal graph

A

one that combines both cost and benefits and puts the group size in half

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19
Q

Primate Social Group - 3

A

1) Social Organization
2) Mating system
3) Social structures

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20
Q

Primate Social Group - Social Organization - 5 main contribution to group size and composition

A
  1. Solitary
  2. Pair Living
  3. Multimale- Unifemale
  4. Unimale-multifemale
  5. Multimale-multifemale
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21
Q

Primate Social Group - Social Organization - 5 main contribution to group size and composition - Solitary - Mother and young are the only consistent grouping T OR F

A

T

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22
Q

Primate Social Group - Social Organization - 5 main contribution to group size and composition - Solitary -Males

A

Males tend to have no real pairing but overlap women

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23
Q

Primate Social Group - Social Organization - 5 main contribution to group size and composition - Pair living

A
  1. one male and one female living with their immature offspring
  2. 60% of monogamous partners have high paternal care
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24
Q

Primate Social Group - Social Organization - 5 main contribution to group size and composition - Multimale- unifemale (3)

A
  1. One female is paired with two males
  2. RARE
  3. Happens when males are related
25
Primate Social Group - Social Organization - 5 main contribution to group size and composition - Multimale- unifemale example
Callithrichidae
26
Primate Social Group - Social Organization - 5 main contribution to group size and composition - Uni male- Multifemale (3)
1) Very dimorphic relationship | 2) One male multiple women
27
Primate Social Group - Social Organization - 5 main contribution to group size and composition - Multimale & Multifemale (2)
1. Promiscuous | 2. None know who the baby daddy is
28
Social Organization Cohesion of Social Unit (2)
1) Together all the time | 2) Maintain vocal and visual distance
29
Social Organization Cohesion of Social Unit - Fission Fussion Group (3)
1) Group fission (split) to eat 2) Group fusion to sleep 3) Fission Fusion throughout the day - think us
30
Social Organization Cohesion of Social Unit - Cohesive groups to be among (4)
1) Smaller groups 2) Smaller home ranges 3) Close spatial Approx 4) Coordination of activity
31
Social Organization Cohesion of Social Unit - Fluid groups to be among (4)
1) Large groups 2) Large spatial aprox 3) Large home ranges 4) Little coordination of activity
32
Primate Groups - Mating Systems (4)
1) Monogamy 2) Polygyny 3) Polygynandry 4) Polyandry
33
Primate Groups - Mating Systems (4) - Monogamy
one mating partner
34
Primate Groups - Mating Systems (4) - Polygyny
A mating system where the male has more than one mating partner
35
Primate Groups - Mating Systems (4) - Polygynandry
both partners have multiple partners long af
36
Primate Groups - Mating Systems (4) - Polyandry
Male one partner and female multiple - sleeping with andry
37
Group composition vs mating system means
Monogamy does not equal pair living and etc all other four and their group composition bottom line group composition does not always equal mating system
38
Primate Social Group - Social Structure
Nature, and patterning of interactions that define social relationships between individuals in a social group
39
Dispersal and Philopatry
In all primate groups, one sex, or both sexes, disperse from the natal group
40
Dispersal and Philopatry - Philopatric
stay in your natal group
41
Three common dispersal patterns (3)
1) Females resident ( Matrilineal / female philopatry) 2) Male resident (Patrilineal / male philopatry) 3) Neither, both reside or disperse
42
Females ( Matrilineal / female philopatry) (3)
1) Related to females but not males who migrated there 2) Nepotism - female kin-ship HIGH AF MORE THAN MALES 3) Dominance hierarchy that can be inherited from mother
43
Females ( Matrilineal / female philopatry) - Dominance hierarchy that can be inherited from mother- FEMALES 2
1) Different priority of access | 2) Inheritance - mom plays a big factor
44
Females ( Matrilineal / female philopatry) - Dominance hierarchy that can be inherited from mother- MALES 2
1) Conflicting encounters | 2) Fitness hierarchy
45
Male kinship ties influence patters of who associates with whom (3)
1. who grooms who 2. who supports one another during fights dominance 3. Association
46
Primary bonds by males are mainly driven by
Nepotism - favouritism towards kin
47
Females in the brotherhood group (4)
1) Not related 2) No strong bonds 3) Self-interested 4) However no dominance hierarchy
48
Give me an example where neither sex is resident
gorillas
49
when neither sex is resident patterns of behaviour are not dictated by
kinship - none
50
Proximate explanations for behaviour
focuses on immediate cause leading to the expression of a behaviour TRIGGER that leads to behaviour
51
Proximate explanations - Dispersing (3)
1) Eviction :( 2) Better group 3) Adbudction : ((
52
The ultimate explanation for behaviour
focuses on behaviour that contributed in the past to increase fitness
53
The ultimate explanation theorist for behaviour ask what
Why natural selection would of favourite this past behaviour
54
The ultimate explanation for behaviour - example
Inbreeding - past tells us it does not increase fitness
55
Where do dispersing animals go? Solitary Species
Remain solitary after leaving natal group
56
Where do dispersing animals go? Non- Solitary Species (2)
1) Find a bisexual group | 2) Takes time
57
Where do dispersing animals go? Non- Solitary Species (- Takes time (3)
1) Remain solitary for a while 2) Join an all-male group 3) HANG OUT IN THE CORNER OF THE NEW GROUP UNTIL THEY INTEGRATE
58
Where do dispersing animals go - When do they go during Natal Dispersal
Puberty

Anthro (12 decks)

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