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Anthro > Primate Social Groups PART 1 > Flashcards

Primate Social Groups PART 1 Flashcards

1
Q

This lecture covers (4)

A

1) Sociality
2) Social Organization
3) Mating System
4) Social Structures

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2
Q

What is a major advantage of living as a group? (2)

A

1) Predation Defense Hypothesis

2) Resource Defence Hypothesis

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3
Q

What does it mean to be Crypsis

A

Ability to avoid detection by predators

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4
Q

Old school monkey - The switch to Diurnal why? (2)

A

1) Less competition

2) More food via detection

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5
Q

Old school monkey - The switch to Diurnal why -What ended happening to those with that competitive advantage

A

Other got it and reduced its value

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6
Q

Old school monkey - The switch to Diurnal why -What ended happening to those with that competitive advantage - The Solution!

A

Sociality: Predator Defence Hypothesis

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7
Q

Sociality: Predator Defence Hypothesis - 3’d

A

1) Collective Detection
2) Dilution effect
3) Defence (aka Deterrence)

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8
Q

Sociality: Predator Defence Hypothesis - 3’d - Collective Detection

A
  1. Having others around you greatly helps with detecting predators.
  2. Less time scanning - saves energy
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9
Q

Sociality: Predator Defence Hypothesis - 3’d - Dilution Effect

A

Less likely to be caught given a big herd

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10
Q

Sociality: Predator Defence Hypothesis - 3’d -Defence (aka Deterrence)

A

Can deter predators by attacking defending as a group

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11
Q

Major Benefits to group living: Resources Defence Hypothesis

A
  1. Group living improves access to food by group defending food patches
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12
Q

Are the two theories of benefits to group living: Resources Defence Hypothesis & Predator Defence Hypothesus mutually exclusive to one another?

A

NO

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13
Q

What are some other benefits to group living? (3)

A

1) Mates readily available
2) Everyone communicates food found
3) Protection from Infanticide

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14
Q

What are the COST of group living? (3)

A

1) Intra competition - food
2) Intracomeptition - mates
3) Disease veneration

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15
Q

The size and composition of primate group in nature reflects a compromise between its benefit and cost - T OR F

A

T

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16
Q

The size and composition of primate group in nature reflects a compromise between its benefit and cost- Benefit looks like what

A

Diminishing returns graph - group size to benefit

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17
Q

The size and composition of primate group in nature reflects a compromise between its benefit and cost- Cost looks like what

A

exponential curve -group size to cost

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18
Q

The size and composition of primate group in nature reflects a compromise between its benefit and cost- What is the ideal graph/ optimal graph

A

one that combines both cost and benefits and puts the group size in half

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19
Q

Primate Social Group - 3

A

1) Social Organization
2) Mating system
3) Social structures

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20
Q

Primate Social Group - Social Organization - 5 main contribution to group size and composition

A
  1. Solitary
  2. Pair Living
  3. Multimale- Unifemale
  4. Unimale-multifemale
  5. Multimale-multifemale
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21
Q

Primate Social Group - Social Organization - 5 main contribution to group size and composition - Solitary - Mother and young are the only consistent grouping T OR F

A

T

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22
Q

Primate Social Group - Social Organization - 5 main contribution to group size and composition - Solitary -Males

A

Males tend to have no real pairing but overlap women

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23
Q

Primate Social Group - Social Organization - 5 main contribution to group size and composition - Pair living

A
  1. one male and one female living with their immature offspring
  2. 60% of monogamous partners have high paternal care
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24
Q

Primate Social Group - Social Organization - 5 main contribution to group size and composition - Multimale- unifemale (3)

A
  1. One female is paired with two males
  2. RARE
  3. Happens when males are related
25
Q

Primate Social Group - Social Organization - 5 main contribution to group size and composition - Multimale- unifemale example

A

Callithrichidae

26
Q

Primate Social Group - Social Organization - 5 main contribution to group size and composition - Uni male- Multifemale (3)

A

1) Very dimorphic relationship

2) One male multiple women

27
Q

Primate Social Group - Social Organization - 5 main contribution to group size and composition - Multimale & Multifemale (2)

A
  1. Promiscuous

2. None know who the baby daddy is

28
Q

Social Organization Cohesion of Social Unit (2)

A

1) Together all the time

2) Maintain vocal and visual distance

29
Q

Social Organization Cohesion of Social Unit - Fission Fussion Group (3)

A

1) Group fission (split) to eat
2) Group fusion to sleep
3) Fission Fusion throughout the day - think us

30
Q

Social Organization Cohesion of Social Unit - Cohesive groups to be among (4)

A

1) Smaller groups
2) Smaller home ranges
3) Close spatial Approx
4) Coordination of activity

31
Q

Social Organization Cohesion of Social Unit - Fluid groups to be among (4)

A

1) Large groups
2) Large spatial aprox
3) Large home ranges
4) Little coordination of activity

32
Q

Primate Groups - Mating Systems (4)

A

1) Monogamy
2) Polygyny
3) Polygynandry
4) Polyandry

33
Q

Primate Groups - Mating Systems (4) - Monogamy

A

one mating partner

34
Q

Primate Groups - Mating Systems (4) - Polygyny

A

A mating system where the male has more than one mating partner

35
Q

Primate Groups - Mating Systems (4) - Polygynandry

A

both partners have multiple partners long af

36
Q

Primate Groups - Mating Systems (4) - Polyandry

A

Male one partner and female multiple - sleeping with andry

37
Q

Group composition vs mating system means

A

Monogamy does not equal pair living and etc all other four and their group composition

bottom line group composition does not always equal mating system

38
Q

Primate Social Group - Social Structure

A

Nature, and patterning of interactions that define social relationships between individuals in a social group

39
Q

Dispersal and Philopatry

A

In all primate groups, one sex, or both sexes, disperse from the natal group

40
Q

Dispersal and Philopatry - Philopatric

A

stay in your natal group

41
Q

Three common dispersal patterns (3)

A

1) Females resident ( Matrilineal / female philopatry)
2) Male resident (Patrilineal / male philopatry)
3) Neither, both reside or disperse

42
Q

Females ( Matrilineal / female philopatry) (3)

A

1) Related to females but not males who migrated there
2) Nepotism - female kin-ship HIGH AF MORE THAN MALES
3) Dominance hierarchy that can be inherited from mother

43
Q

Females ( Matrilineal / female philopatry) - Dominance hierarchy that can be inherited from mother- FEMALES 2

A

1) Different priority of access

2) Inheritance - mom plays a big factor

44
Q

Females ( Matrilineal / female philopatry) - Dominance hierarchy that can be inherited from mother- MALES 2

A

1) Conflicting encounters

2) Fitness hierarchy

45
Q

Male kinship ties influence patters of who associates with whom (3)

A
  1. who grooms who
  2. who supports one another during fights dominance
  3. Association
46
Q

Primary bonds by males are mainly driven by

A

Nepotism - favouritism towards kin

47
Q

Females in the brotherhood group (4)

A

1) Not related
2) No strong bonds
3) Self-interested
4) However no dominance hierarchy

48
Q

Give me an example where neither sex is resident

A

gorillas

49
Q

when neither sex is resident patterns of behaviour are not dictated by

A

kinship - none

50
Q

Proximate explanations for behaviour

A

focuses on immediate cause leading to the expression of a behaviour

TRIGGER that leads to behaviour

51
Q

Proximate explanations - Dispersing (3)

A

1) Eviction :(
2) Better group
3) Adbudction : ((

52
Q

The ultimate explanation for behaviour

A

focuses on behaviour that contributed in the past to increase fitness

53
Q

The ultimate explanation theorist for behaviour ask what

A

Why natural selection would of favourite this past behaviour

54
Q

The ultimate explanation for behaviour - example

A

Inbreeding - past tells us it does not increase fitness

55
Q

Where do dispersing animals go? Solitary Species

A

Remain solitary after leaving natal group

56
Q

Where do dispersing animals go? Non- Solitary Species (2)

A

1) Find a bisexual group

2) Takes time

57
Q

Where do dispersing animals go? Non- Solitary Species (- Takes time (3)

A

1) Remain solitary for a while
2) Join an all-male group
3) HANG OUT IN THE CORNER OF THE NEW GROUP UNTIL THEY INTEGRATE

58
Q

Where do dispersing animals go - When do they go during Natal Dispersal

A

Puberty

Anthro (12 decks)

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