Primary Production Flashcards
what maintain a protective layer in the atmosphere
water vapour
ozone
identify 3 possible causes for an increase in carbon dioxide in history
reduced photosynthesis
increased decomposition
increased deforestation
what will increase if oxygen decreases
mutation rates
identify the photosynthesis equation
6CO2 + 6H2O —–> C6H12O2 + 6O2
what is C6H12O2
glucose
what is the main mechanism by which energy enters biological systems
glucose
what is oxygen important for (2)
aerobic respiration
formation of ozone
how many levels in the food chain does oxygen allow for
6
what 2 support molecules in oxygen an essential part of
collagen
lignin
what are the 3 types of photosynthesis
C3
C4
CAM
how many times has C3 photosynthesis evolved
once
how many times has C4 photosynthesis evolved
many times
what is endosymbiosis
a well recognised model for explaining the evolution of plastids, including chloroplasts
how many stages are there in C3 photosynthesis
2
what are the 2 stages of C3 photosynthesis
light dependent
light independent
what happens in the light dependent stage
light energy is used to generate:
ATP
NADPH
what happens in the light independent stage
ATP and NADPH are used to reduce CO2 to sugars
what does PSII mean
photosystem 2
what is PSII
the first protein complex in the light dependent reactions of photosynthesis
what does PSI mean
photosystem 1
what is PSI
the second protein complex in the light dependent reactions in photosynthesis
what is the structure of light harvesting antenna form the outside to the inside (4)
carotenoids
chlorophyll b
chlorophyll a
reaction centre
what is the light independent reaction cycle often known as
Calvin cycle
how many phases does the Calvin cycle have
3
what are the 3 phases in the Calvin cycle
fixation
reduction
regeneration
what happens in the fixation phase of the Calvin cycle
3RUBP + 3CO2 ——> 6 3-phosphoglycerate
what happens in the reduction phase of the Calvin cycle
6 3-phosphoglycerate + 6ATP + 6NADH ——-> 6G3P
what happens in the regeneration phase of the Calvin cycle
5G3P + 3ATP —–> 3RUBP
what is the 1ATP not used in the regeneration phase of the Calvin cycle used to produce
glucose
fructose
what is the most abundant protein in the world
rubisco
what was rubisco designed to operate under
low O2
moderate temperatures
what happens in C4 photosynthesis
CO2 is grabbed by PEP and fixed as a 4-C molecule
taken to bundle-sheath cells where CO2 molecules are released to rubisco
what do bundle-sheath cell do
provide spatial separation of CO2 fixation
what is the machinery of CAM photosynthesis similar to
C4 photosynthesis
what does Cam photosynthesis provide
temporary separation of carbon fixation
how many times has CAM photosynthesis evolved
many times
what plants does C3 photosynthesis occur in
most plants
what plants does C4 photosynthesis occur in
tropical grasses sucha s sugarcane
what plants does CAM photosynthesis occur in
succulents
pineapple
agave
where and how does C3 photosynthesis fix carbon
in the Calvin cycle
attach CO2 to Rubp
where and how does C4 photosynthesis fix carbon
in the cytoplasm
attach CO2 to PEP
when does CAM photosynthesis fix carbon
at night only
how does CAM photosynthesis fix carbon
attatch CO2 to organic molecules
identify the enzyme involved in C3 photosynthesis
rubisco
identify the enzyme involved in C4 photosynthesis
PEP-ase
identify the enzyme involved in CAM photosynthesis
PEP-ase
what type of photosynthesis is most efficient
C3
what type of photosynthesis has the best water conservation
CAM
in order of most to least, what type of photosynthesis looses the most water
C3
C4
CAM
how is water lost
photorespiration
what is consumed in light dependent reactions
water
what 2 things are regenerated in light independent reactions
ADP
NADP
