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Frontiers in Biological Science > Primary Production > Flashcards

Primary Production Flashcards

1
Q

what maintain a protective layer in the atmosphere

A

water vapour

ozone

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2
Q

identify 3 possible causes for an increase in carbon dioxide in history

A

reduced photosynthesis
increased decomposition
increased deforestation

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3
Q

what will increase if oxygen decreases

A

mutation rates

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4
Q

identify the photosynthesis equation

A

6CO2 + 6H2O —–> C6H12O2 + 6O2

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5
Q

what is C6H12O2

A

glucose

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6
Q

what is the main mechanism by which energy enters biological systems

A

glucose

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7
Q

what is oxygen important for (2)

A

aerobic respiration

formation of ozone

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8
Q

how many levels in the food chain does oxygen allow for

A

6

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9
Q

what 2 support molecules in oxygen an essential part of

A

collagen

lignin

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10
Q

what are the 3 types of photosynthesis

A

C3
C4
CAM

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11
Q

how many times has C3 photosynthesis evolved

A

once

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12
Q

how many times has C4 photosynthesis evolved

A

many times

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13
Q

what is endosymbiosis

A

a well recognised model for explaining the evolution of plastids, including chloroplasts

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14
Q

how many stages are there in C3 photosynthesis

A

2

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15
Q

what are the 2 stages of C3 photosynthesis

A

light dependent

light independent

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16
Q

what happens in the light dependent stage

A

light energy is used to generate:
ATP
NADPH

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17
Q

what happens in the light independent stage

A

ATP and NADPH are used to reduce CO2 to sugars

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18
Q

what does PSII mean

A

photosystem 2

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19
Q

what is PSII

A

the first protein complex in the light dependent reactions of photosynthesis

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20
Q

what does PSI mean

A

photosystem 1

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21
Q

what is PSI

A

the second protein complex in the light dependent reactions in photosynthesis

22
Q

what is the structure of light harvesting antenna form the outside to the inside (4)

A

carotenoids
chlorophyll b
chlorophyll a
reaction centre

23
Q

what is the light independent reaction cycle often known as

A

Calvin cycle

24
Q

how many phases does the Calvin cycle have

A

3

25
Q

what are the 3 phases in the Calvin cycle

A

fixation
reduction
regeneration

26
Q

what happens in the fixation phase of the Calvin cycle

A

3RUBP + 3CO2 ——> 6 3-phosphoglycerate

27
Q

what happens in the reduction phase of the Calvin cycle

A

6 3-phosphoglycerate + 6ATP + 6NADH ——-> 6G3P

28
Q

what happens in the regeneration phase of the Calvin cycle

A

5G3P + 3ATP —–> 3RUBP

29
Q

what is the 1ATP not used in the regeneration phase of the Calvin cycle used to produce

A

glucose

fructose

30
Q

what is the most abundant protein in the world

A

rubisco

31
Q

what was rubisco designed to operate under

A

low O2

moderate temperatures

32
Q

what happens in C4 photosynthesis

A

CO2 is grabbed by PEP and fixed as a 4-C molecule

taken to bundle-sheath cells where CO2 molecules are released to rubisco

33
Q

what do bundle-sheath cell do

A

provide spatial separation of CO2 fixation

34
Q

what is the machinery of CAM photosynthesis similar to

A

C4 photosynthesis

35
Q

what does Cam photosynthesis provide

A

temporary separation of carbon fixation

36
Q

how many times has CAM photosynthesis evolved

A

many times

37
Q

what plants does C3 photosynthesis occur in

A

most plants

38
Q

what plants does C4 photosynthesis occur in

A

tropical grasses sucha s sugarcane

39
Q

what plants does CAM photosynthesis occur in

A

succulents
pineapple
agave

40
Q

where and how does C3 photosynthesis fix carbon

A

in the Calvin cycle

attach CO2 to Rubp

41
Q

where and how does C4 photosynthesis fix carbon

A

in the cytoplasm

attach CO2 to PEP

42
Q

when does CAM photosynthesis fix carbon

A

at night only

43
Q

how does CAM photosynthesis fix carbon

A

attatch CO2 to organic molecules

44
Q

identify the enzyme involved in C3 photosynthesis

A

rubisco

45
Q

identify the enzyme involved in C4 photosynthesis

A

PEP-ase

46
Q

identify the enzyme involved in CAM photosynthesis

A

PEP-ase

47
Q

what type of photosynthesis is most efficient

A

C3

48
Q

what type of photosynthesis has the best water conservation

A

CAM

49
Q

in order of most to least, what type of photosynthesis looses the most water

A

C3
C4
CAM

50
Q

how is water lost

A

photorespiration

51
Q

what is consumed in light dependent reactions

A

water

52
Q

what 2 things are regenerated in light independent reactions

A

ADP

NADP

Frontiers in Biological Science (9 decks)

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