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Frontiers in Biological Science > Consciousness > Flashcards

Consciousness Flashcards

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1
Q

what are the 2 main types of consciousness

A

phenomenal

access

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2
Q

what is phenomenal consciousness

A

raw subjective feeling or sensation

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3
Q

what is access consciousness

A

info available to reason, report, memory and action

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4
Q

what does phenomenal consciousness contrast with

A

access consciousness

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5
Q

identify 3 other types of consciousness

A

self-awereness
meta-awareness
introspective awareness

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6
Q

what is dualism

A

there are 2 types of substance

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7
Q

what are the 4 types of dualism

A

interaction
parallelism
epiphenominalism
mysterianism

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8
Q

what is interaction

A

the 2 substances interact

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9
Q

what is parallelism

A

the 2 substances don’t interact but are in sync

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10
Q

what is epiphenominalism

A

matter produces mind, but does not interact with matter

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11
Q

what is mysterianism

A

there are explanations, but we will never know

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12
Q

what is cognitive closure

A

we don’t have the cognitive apparatus to understand the explanation

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13
Q

what is monism

A

there is only 1 kind of substance

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14
Q

what are the 5 types of monoism

A 
idealism
materialism
neutral monoism 
physicalism 
functionalism
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15
Q

what is idealism

A

there is only mind

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16
Q

what is materialism

A

there is only matter

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17
Q

what is neutral monoism

A

one thing underlies both mind and matter, but is distinct from either

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18
Q

what is physicalism

A

there are only physical processes

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19
Q

what is functionalism

A

mind is a set of functions that the brain does

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20
Q

what are the 2 methods to study consciousness

A

study conditions with altered states of consciousness

cognitive models

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21
Q

what are 3 states of altered consciousness

A

sleep
drugs/anesthesia
patients

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22
Q

what is sleep

A

dramatic but normal changes in consciousness

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23
Q

what is REM

A

rapid eye movement

sleep when dreams occur

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24
Q

what is NREM

A

non-rapid eye movement

sleep when dreams aren’t occurring

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25
Q

what does RAS stand for

A

reticular activation system

26
Q

when is RAS inactive and active

A

inactive in NREM

active in REM

27
Q

identify 3 types of amineregic activity

A

external perception
thoughts
memory

28
Q

identify 3 amines

A

dopamine
serationin
nor-adrenaline

29
Q

identify 2 types of cholinergic activity

A

emotions

internal perceptions

30
Q

identify a type of chloline

A

acetyl-choline

31
Q

what 2 things are necessary for dreaming

A

fronto-limbic connections

parietal operculum

32
Q

what is necessary for consciousness

A

REM

33
Q

what do neuromodulators affect

A

phenomenology

34
Q

what is anaesthesia

A

the complete, but reversible loss of awareness

35
Q

what effect does anaesthesia have

A

affects neural activity in many brain areas

36
Q

what do drugs alter

A

neurotransmitter pathways

37
Q

what specific neurotransmitter pathways do anaesthesia drugs act on

A

endogenous

38
Q

what are the 3 brain disorders affecting awareness

A

neglect
split brain
psychoses

39
Q

what is neglect

A

the body is not aware of a part of the body but unconscious processing can occur

40
Q

what is necessary for spatial awareness

A

parietal complex

41
Q

what connects the 2 halves of the brain

A

corpus callosum

42
Q

what are the 2 halves of the brain capable of

A

doing independent tasks simultaneously

43
Q

what is psychosis

A

an altered state of consciousness characterised by hallucinations and delusions

44
Q

what are hallucinations

A

false percept in absence of stimulus

45
Q

what are delusions

A

persistant, abmnormal and implacable beliefs even in the face of contrary evidence

46
Q

where are hallucinations prominent

A

schizophrenia

47
Q

what can be used to study awareness

A

altered states of consciousness

48
Q

what are the 2 types of intellect

A

crystallised

fluid

49
Q

what is crystallised intellect

A

skills, knowledge and experience

50
Q

what is fluid intellect

A

the ability to solve problems, independent of past knowledge

51
Q

what is creativity

A

the interaction among amplitude, process and environment by which a product is produced that is novel and useful

52
Q

describe the animal creativity spectrum in order of increasing amount of cognitive complexity required

A

basic lovely recognition
novelty seeking
observational learning
innovation

53
Q

how many levels of the creativity spectrum exist

A

4

54
Q

what are the 4 levels of the creativity spectrum

A

basic novelty recognition
novelty seeking
observational learning
innovation

55
Q

what is basic novelty recognition

A

ability to tell that something in the environment is different than it was previously

56
Q

what is observational learning

A

the addition of a novel behaviour to an individuals response

57
Q

what has creativity been a key element in

A

human evolution

58
Q

what does human evolution tend to favour in relation to creativity

A

positive social aspects

59
Q

where does creativity lie within the brain physically

A

different neural networks can be seen when people are being creative and not

60
Q

where does creativity lie in the brain behaviourally

A

default network
executive network
sailence network

Frontiers in Biological Science (9 decks)

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