Consciousness Flashcards
what are the 2 main types of consciousness
phenomenal
access
what is phenomenal consciousness
raw subjective feeling or sensation
what is access consciousness
info available to reason, report, memory and action
what does phenomenal consciousness contrast with
access consciousness
identify 3 other types of consciousness
self-awereness
meta-awareness
introspective awareness
what is dualism
there are 2 types of substance
what are the 4 types of dualism
interaction
parallelism
epiphenominalism
mysterianism
what is interaction
the 2 substances interact
what is parallelism
the 2 substances don’t interact but are in sync
what is epiphenominalism
matter produces mind, but does not interact with matter
what is mysterianism
there are explanations, but we will never know
what is cognitive closure
we don’t have the cognitive apparatus to understand the explanation
what is monism
there is only 1 kind of substance
what are the 5 types of monoism
idealism materialism neutral monoism physicalism functionalism
what is idealism
there is only mind
what is materialism
there is only matter
what is neutral monoism
one thing underlies both mind and matter, but is distinct from either
what is physicalism
there are only physical processes
what is functionalism
mind is a set of functions that the brain does
what are the 2 methods to study consciousness
study conditions with altered states of consciousness
cognitive models
what are 3 states of altered consciousness
sleep
drugs/anesthesia
patients
what is sleep
dramatic but normal changes in consciousness
what is REM
rapid eye movement
sleep when dreams occur
what is NREM
non-rapid eye movement
sleep when dreams aren’t occurring
what does RAS stand for
reticular activation system
when is RAS inactive and active
inactive in NREM
active in REM
identify 3 types of amineregic activity
external perception
thoughts
memory
identify 3 amines
dopamine
serationin
nor-adrenaline
identify 2 types of cholinergic activity
emotions
internal perceptions
identify a type of chloline
acetyl-choline
what 2 things are necessary for dreaming
fronto-limbic connections
parietal operculum
what is necessary for consciousness
REM
what do neuromodulators affect
phenomenology
what is anaesthesia
the complete, but reversible loss of awareness
what effect does anaesthesia have
affects neural activity in many brain areas
what do drugs alter
neurotransmitter pathways
what specific neurotransmitter pathways do anaesthesia drugs act on
endogenous
what are the 3 brain disorders affecting awareness
neglect
split brain
psychoses
what is neglect
the body is not aware of a part of the body but unconscious processing can occur
what is necessary for spatial awareness
parietal complex
what connects the 2 halves of the brain
corpus callosum
what are the 2 halves of the brain capable of
doing independent tasks simultaneously
what is psychosis
an altered state of consciousness characterised by hallucinations and delusions
what are hallucinations
false percept in absence of stimulus
what are delusions
persistant, abmnormal and implacable beliefs even in the face of contrary evidence
where are hallucinations prominent
schizophrenia
what can be used to study awareness
altered states of consciousness
what are the 2 types of intellect
crystallised
fluid
what is crystallised intellect
skills, knowledge and experience
what is fluid intellect
the ability to solve problems, independent of past knowledge
what is creativity
the interaction among amplitude, process and environment by which a product is produced that is novel and useful
describe the animal creativity spectrum in order of increasing amount of cognitive complexity required
basic lovely recognition
novelty seeking
observational learning
innovation
how many levels of the creativity spectrum exist
4
what are the 4 levels of the creativity spectrum
basic novelty recognition
novelty seeking
observational learning
innovation
what is basic novelty recognition
ability to tell that something in the environment is different than it was previously
what is observational learning
the addition of a novel behaviour to an individuals response
what has creativity been a key element in
human evolution
what does human evolution tend to favour in relation to creativity
positive social aspects
where does creativity lie within the brain physically
different neural networks can be seen when people are being creative and not
where does creativity lie in the brain behaviourally
default network
executive network
sailence network
