Primary Neoplasms of the Skin Flashcards
BRAF oncogene activation and p16 inactivation are common occurrences in what kind of skin disorders?
Melanocytic nevi and melanomas
List 3 stages of melanocytic nevus development.
Junctional nevus (nests in epidermis, retain pigment) - compound nevus (nests in epidermis and dermis) - dermal nevus (dermis only, lose pigment)
Are common acquired melanocytic nevi and/or dysplastic/atypical nevi risk markers for melanoma?
Yes for both
2 features of melanocytic dysplasia?
Architectural disorder & cytologic atypia
2 phases of superficial spreading melanoma? Which phase has less pigment, larger cellular aggregates, less inflammation, and more cell cycle progression markers?
Radial growth phase and vertical growth phase; VGP has all the characteristics listed
What kind of skin disease presents as circumscribed, elevated, spheroidal nodules that expand in the dermis, skip the radial growth phase, and are a high risk for metastasis?
Nodular melanoma
What kind of skin disease, also known as a Hutchinson melanotic freckle, presents as a large, pigmented macule on sun-damaged fair skin?
Lentigo maligna melanoma
What kind of skin disease involves spindle-shaped lentigo maligna melanoma cells that have provoked a connective tissue response to form a firm plaque, and may mimic a scar or neuroma?
Desmoplastic melanoma
What is the most common melanoma in dark-skinned people? It is usually limited to the palms, soles, and subungual regions.
Acral lentiginous melanoma
Metastatic melanomas arise from melanocytes in what phase?
Vertical growth phase
What kind of melanoma measurement extends from the most superficial aspect of the stratum granulosum to the point of deepest tumor penetration into the dermis, and is the strongest prognostic variable for confined melanomas?
Breslow thickness
Which of the following tumors is malignant: congenital melanocytic nevus, Spitz tumor (spindle and epitheoiloid cell nevus), blue nevus, freckle/ephelides, lentigo, liver spot.
None; they are all benign
Verrucae refer to warts that share what common cause?
HPV
Which forms of HPV have malignant potential: verruca vulgarism, plantar carts, verruca plana, condyloma acuminaturm, bowenoid papulosis, and/or epidermodysplasia verruciformis?
Condyloma acuminaturm, bowenoid papulosis, and epidermodysplasia verruciformis
Which forms of HPV are found primarily around the genitalia: verruca vulgarism, plantar carts, verruca plana, condyloma acuminaturm, bowenoid papulosis, and/or epidermodysplasia verruciformis?
Condyloma acuminaturm and bowenoid papulosis
Which form of HPV is related to a rare, autosomal recessive disease of impaired cell-mediated immunity and thus enhanced susceptibility to HPV infection? It first appears in childhood with flat patches of warts similar to verruca plana.
Epidermodysplasia verruciformis
The sudden appearance of what papules has been associated with internal malignancies, especially gastric adenocarcinoma?
Seborrheic keratoses
What benign skin disease appears as scaly, pigmented, elevated and “pasted on” papules with scales that are easily rubbed off? They have broad anastomosing cords of mature stratified squamous epithelium and with small keratin cysts (horn cysts).
Seborrheic keratosis
What benign skin disease appears grossly as circumscribed, keratotic patches or plaques; microscopically as dense, parakeratotic stratum corneum and atypical basal keratinocytes; and can sometimes evolve into squamous cell carcinoma?
Actinic keratosis
What benign skin disease presents grossly as rapidly growing keratotic papules on sun-exposed skin that develop over 3-6 weeks into crater-like nodules? It usually regresses in 6-12 months, but sometimes can cause considerable damage during that time or fail to regress.
Keratoacanthoma
What benign skin disease presents microscopically as cup shaped lesions with overhanging “buttressing” epidermal edges and keratinocytes with eosionophilic “glassy” cytoplasm? Some people consider it to be a variant of squamous cell carcinoma.
Keratoacanthoma
What is the most common malignant tumor in persons with pale skin? It is locally invasive in the epidermis but usually does not metastasize, and usually develops on sun-damaged skin but can also arise on areas not directly exposed to intense sunlight.
Basal cell carcinoma
What skin neoplasm is characterized by pearly papules and rodent ulcers, and has subtypes including nevoid, superficial multicentric, nodulocystic, morpheaform, and pigmented? Which subtype, named for its resemblance to localized scleroderma, has ill-defined borders and is the most difficult to eradicate?
Basal cell carcinoma; morpheaform BCC
Syndrome related to mutations of the PTCH tumor suppressor gene where basal cell carcinoma originates on skin that has had little light exposure. The BCCs appear at a young age and may number in the hundreds, and there is a predisposition to other tumors including medulloblastoma.
Nevoid BCC syndrome
