Joint Diseases Flashcards
What non-inflammatory disease is characterized by wear-and-tear destruction of the articular cartilage in joints? It can also be caused by trauma in younger persons.
Osteoarthritis
What joint disease affects the patellar surface of the femoral condyles in young persons, producing knee pain and stiffness?
Chondromalacia
Joint disease characterized by decreased proteoglycan content, increased thickness of subchondral bone, fibrillation cracks, neovascularization, fibrocartilage plugs, eburnated bone, and subchondral bone cysts.
Osteoarthritis
Name for the osteophytes at the distal interphalangeal joints, seen in osteoarthritis.
Heberden nodes
Another name for Charcot joint, a noninflammatory arthritis characterized by progressive, rapid, and severe joint destruction and fragmentation due to a primary neurologic disorder. Most commonly seen today in the destruction of foot joints in people with diabetic peripheral neuropathy.
Neuropathic joint disease
Systemic, chronic, and Inflammatory disease with symmetric, bilateral polyarthritis of diarthrodial/synovial joints and rice bodies in the joint space.
Rheumatoid arthritis
Joint disease associated with HLA-DR, RANK, IgG, RF, ACPA (anticitrullinated protein antibody), activated T cells, EBV, increased hyaluronate, and PGE2. What molecule does RF target?
Rheumatoid arthritis; RF is directed against the Fc part of IgG
What is formed when hyperplastic synovial lining cells, mast cells, and multinucleated giant cells form an inflammatory synovium that creeps over the articular cartilage and adjacent structures of a rheumatoid arthritis joint?
Pannus
Term for fibrous fusion of a joint.
Ankylosis
Disease associated with juxta-articular bone loss, extra-articular rubbery nodules with fibrinoid necrosis cores, and acute necrotizing vasculitis.
Rheumatoid arthritis
Seronegative arthritic disease associated with HLA-B27 in young men.
Sponydloarthropathy
Ankylosing spondylitis usually starts with fusion of what joints? What amyloidosis can develop as an uncommon complication?
Sacroiliac joints; AA amyloidosis
Spondyloarthropathy subtype characterized by seronegative polyarthritis, conjuntivitis/uveitis, nonspecific urethritis, and keratoderma blennorrhagica.
Reactive arthritis / Reiter syndrome
General category that includes any inflammatory juvenile arthritis, whether seropositive or negative, with or without systemic symptoms, affecting many or few joints.
Still disease
Arthritis from Lyme disease usually affects the knee or other large joints and is transient, but otherwise resembles what other joint disease?
Rheumatoid arthritis
Key enzyme in gout, responsible for purine biosynthesis and salvage? The salvaging/condensation process is catalyzed by HPRT.
PPRP
X-linked HPRT deficiencythat leads to accumulation of PPRP and thus increased purine synthesis, usually noted within 1 year of birth, characterized by mental retardation, self-mutilation, gouty arthritis, and obstructive nephropathy?
Lesch-Nylan syndrome
Joint disorder with long, needle-shaped, negatively birefringent sodium urate crystals
Gout
Term for extracellular deposit of urate crystals surrounded by foreign body giant cells and mononuclear cells in soft tissue, joints, and/or subchondral bone matrix?
Tophus
Punched-out, juxta-articular, lytic lesions associated with minimally reactive new bone and no osteopenia, a.k.a “rat bite” lesions, are associated with what joint disease?
Gout
Name the 4 stages of gout progression. Which one is associated with podagra (a painful, red big toe)?
Asymptomatic hyperuricemia, acute gouty arthritis, intercritical gout, tophaceous gout; acute gouty arthritis
What joint disease of old age is related to previous joint damage, decreased alkaline phosphatase activity, and increased levels of inorganic pyrophosphate in the synovial fluid?
CPPD deposition disease
What is the difference between the chondrocalcinosis and pseudogout presentations of CPPD (calcium pyrophosphate dihydrate) deposition disease?
Chondrocalcinosis deposits are in the joint cartilage; pseudogout is in the synovial membranes
Joint disorder with stubby, short, rhomboid/coffin shaped deposits that have weak positive birefringence under polarized light and do not dissolve in water?
CPPD deposition disease
Acute or chronic arthritis characterized accumulation of the major component of bones and teeth into crystals within leukocytes and mononuclear cells. Often seen along with osteoarthriits in joint tissue and synovial fluid.
Calcium hydroxyapatite deposition disease
Hemophilia, hemochromatosis and ochronosis can all produce joint disease with matrix degradation and articular cartilage destruction. What substance is implicated in each disease deposition?
Hemophilia - blood, hemochromatosis - iron, ochronosis - onchronotic pigment / homogentistic acid
Terms for a small fluid filled cyst commonly seen on the wrist of fmealed 25-45 years old and for a herniation of the synovium of the knee joint into the popliteal space.
Ganglion; Baker cyst
Benign, self-limited disease in which hyaline cartilage nodules form in the synovium and float in the synovial fluid. The chronic irritation produced by these foreign bodies leads to synovial fluid secretion and bleeding.
Synovial chondromatosis
The most common synovium and tendon sheath neoplasm; a benign neoplasm of synovial lining that can invade the joint and erod the bone; can be localized or diffuse.
Tenosynovial giant cell tumor
