Joint Diseases

Question 2

What non-inflammatory disease is characterized by wear-and-tear destruction of the articular cartilage in joints? It can also be caused by trauma in younger persons.

Answer 2

Osteoarthritis

Question 3

What joint disease affects the patellar surface of the femoral condyles in young persons, producing knee pain and stiffness?

Answer 3

Chondromalacia

Question 4

Joint disease characterized by decreased proteoglycan content, increased thickness of subchondral bone, fibrillation cracks, neovascularization, fibrocartilage plugs, eburnated bone, and subchondral bone cysts.

Answer 4

Osteoarthritis

Question 5

Name for the osteophytes at the distal interphalangeal joints, seen in osteoarthritis.

Answer 5

Heberden nodes

Question 6

Another name for Charcot joint, a noninflammatory arthritis characterized by progressive, rapid, and severe joint destruction and fragmentation due to a primary neurologic disorder. Most commonly seen today in the destruction of foot joints in people with diabetic peripheral neuropathy.

Answer 6

Neuropathic joint disease

Question 7

Systemic, chronic, and Inflammatory disease with symmetric, bilateral polyarthritis of diarthrodial/synovial joints and rice bodies in the joint space.

Answer 7

Rheumatoid arthritis

Question 8

Joint disease associated with HLA-DR, RANK, IgG, RF, ACPA (anticitrullinated protein antibody), activated T cells, EBV, increased hyaluronate, and PGE2. What molecule does RF target?

Answer 8

Rheumatoid arthritis; RF is directed against the Fc part of IgG

Question 9

What is formed when hyperplastic synovial lining cells, mast cells, and multinucleated giant cells form an inflammatory synovium that creeps over the articular cartilage and adjacent structures of a rheumatoid arthritis joint?

Answer 9

Pannus

Question 10

Term for fibrous fusion of a joint.

Answer 10

Ankylosis

Question 11

Disease associated with juxta-articular bone loss, extra-articular rubbery nodules with fibrinoid necrosis cores, and acute necrotizing vasculitis.

Answer 11

Rheumatoid arthritis

Question 12

Seronegative arthritic disease associated with HLA-B27 in young men.

Answer 12

Sponydloarthropathy

Question 13

Ankylosing spondylitis usually starts with fusion of what joints? What amyloidosis can develop as an uncommon complication?

Answer 13

Sacroiliac joints; AA amyloidosis

Question 14

Spondyloarthropathy subtype characterized by seronegative polyarthritis, conjuntivitis/uveitis, nonspecific urethritis, and keratoderma blennorrhagica.

Answer 14

Reactive arthritis / Reiter syndrome

Question 15

General category that includes any inflammatory juvenile arthritis, whether seropositive or negative, with or without systemic symptoms, affecting many or few joints.

Answer 15

Still disease

Question 16

Arthritis from Lyme disease usually affects the knee or other large joints and is transient, but otherwise resembles what other joint disease?

Answer 16

Rheumatoid arthritis

Question 17

Key enzyme in gout, responsible for purine biosynthesis and salvage? The salvaging/condensation process is catalyzed by HPRT.

Answer 17

PPRP

Question 18

X-linked HPRT deficiencythat leads to accumulation of PPRP and thus increased purine synthesis, usually noted within 1 year of birth, characterized by mental retardation, self-mutilation, gouty arthritis, and obstructive nephropathy?

Answer 18

Lesch-Nylan syndrome

Question 19

Joint disorder with long, needle-shaped, negatively birefringent sodium urate crystals

Answer 19

Gout

Question 20

Term for extracellular deposit of urate crystals surrounded by foreign body giant cells and mononuclear cells in soft tissue, joints, and/or subchondral bone matrix?

Answer 20

Tophus

Question 21

Punched-out, juxta-articular, lytic lesions associated with minimally reactive new bone and no osteopenia, a.k.a “rat bite” lesions, are associated with what joint disease?

Answer 21

Gout

Question 22

Name the 4 stages of gout progression. Which one is associated with podagra (a painful, red big toe)?

Answer 22

Asymptomatic hyperuricemia, acute gouty arthritis, intercritical gout, tophaceous gout; acute gouty arthritis

Question 23

What joint disease of old age is related to previous joint damage, decreased alkaline phosphatase activity, and increased levels of inorganic pyrophosphate in the synovial fluid?

Answer 23

CPPD deposition disease

Question 24

What is the difference between the chondrocalcinosis and pseudogout presentations of CPPD (calcium pyrophosphate dihydrate) deposition disease?

Answer 24

Chondrocalcinosis deposits are in the joint cartilage; pseudogout is in the synovial membranes

Question 25

Joint disorder with stubby, short, rhomboid/coffin shaped deposits that have weak positive birefringence under polarized light and do not dissolve in water?

Answer 25

CPPD deposition disease

Question 26

Acute or chronic arthritis characterized accumulation of the major component of bones and teeth into crystals within leukocytes and mononuclear cells. Often seen along with osteoarthriits in joint tissue and synovial fluid.

Answer 26

Calcium hydroxyapatite deposition disease

Question 27

Hemophilia, hemochromatosis and ochronosis can all produce joint disease with matrix degradation and articular cartilage destruction. What substance is implicated in each disease deposition?

Answer 27

Hemophilia - blood, hemochromatosis - iron, ochronosis - onchronotic pigment / homogentistic acid

Question 28

Terms for a small fluid filled cyst commonly seen on the wrist of fmealed 25-45 years old and for a herniation of the synovium of the knee joint into the popliteal space.

Answer 28

Ganglion; Baker cyst

Question 29

Benign, self-limited disease in which hyaline cartilage nodules form in the synovium and float in the synovial fluid. The chronic irritation produced by these foreign bodies leads to synovial fluid secretion and bleeding.

Answer 29

Synovial chondromatosis

Question 30

The most common synovium and tendon sheath neoplasm; a benign neoplasm of synovial lining that can invade the joint and erod the bone; can be localized or diffuse.

Answer 30

Tenosynovial giant cell tumor