Primary Care paediatrics Flashcards
name 5 common presentations to primary care in the neonatal period (up to 4 weeks)?
jaundice vomiting sepsis failure to thrive "trivia" (e.g milk spots, rash etc)
what can cause jaundice in the neonate?
UTI hypothyroid galactosaemia breast milk jaundice biliary atresia (thickening of walls of biliary tract?)
what can cause vomiting in the neonate?
reflux Cows milk protein (CMP) intolerance pyloric stenosis sepsis duodenal atresia
name 5 common respiratory problems in children
bronchiolitis (RSV) croup viral URTI asthma (new or exacerbation) acute tonsilitis
name 6 rarer causes of respiratory problems in children
CF acute epiglottitis foreign body pneumonia cardiac causes malignancy
how does respiratory rate differ in adults and children?
adults should be <20 bpm children = must faster <1 y/o = 30-40 bpm 2-5 = 25-30 bpm >12 = 15-20 bpm
3 common medical causes of abdominal pain in children?
gastroenteritis
UTI
constipation
3 common surgical causes of abdominal pain in 0-5 y/o?
intussusception
volvulus
incarcerated hernia
4 common causes of abdominal pain in 6-18 y/o?
appendicitis
trauma
testicular torsion
ovarian torsion (12+)
how do MSK problems common present to the GP?
painful joints
limp
trauma
common causes of joint pain in children?
inflammatory arthritis perthes disease SUFE Osgood schlatters growing pains bone tumours
common causes of limp in children?
DDH
perthes
common cause of trauma presentation in children?
sprain
fracture
NAI
how is impetigo managed?
usually topical antibiotics
can need oral if severe
what is slapped cheek?
viral infection causing cold like symptoms and a red rash over both cheeks which can/might then progresses to a pink rash over the body after a few days
how is slapped cheek managed?
no specific treatment
only supportive
rash should clear after 2 weeks
how does molluscum contagiosum present?
lots of small spots/papules
will go away but may take up to 2 years
how does scarlet fever present?
white tongue which then becomes red (strawberry tongue)
red rash over chest and trunk
red face
painful lesions in the mouth and hands (may cause lack of desire to eat in children)?
hand, foot and mouth
coxakie virus
what is involved in development screening at 6-8 weeks old?
red light reflex
hips (barlows/ortolanis)
genitalia
femoral pulses
what diseases are vaccinated against <1 year old?
diphtheria, pertussis, tetanus, polio, haemophilus influenza (Hib) = 3 doses pneumococcal disease = 2 doses meningococcal type C = 1 dose meningococcal type B = 2 doses rotavirus = 2 doses
name 10 red flags for sepsis in children
unresponsive to social clues/difficult to rouse
health professionals very worried
weak, high pitched or continuous cry
grunting respiration or apnoeic episodes SpO2 <90%
severe tachypnoea
severe tachycardia
no wet nappies/not passed urine in last 18 hrs
non-blanching rash or mottled/ashen/cyanotic
temp <36
temp >38 in under 3 months old
what defines moderate and severe tachypnoea in <1 y/o?
moderate = 50-59 severe = >60
what defines moderate and severe tachycardia in <1 Y/o?
moderate = 150-159 severe = >160
what defines moderate and severe tachypnoea in 1-2 y/o?
moderate = 40-49 severe = >50
whatd efines moderate and severe tachycardia in 1-2 y/o?
moderate = 140-149 severe = >150
what defines moderate and severe tachypnoea in 3-4 y/o?
moderate = 35-39 severe = >40
what defines moderate and severe tachycardia in 3-4 y/o?
moderate = 130-139 severe = >140
name 11 amber flags for sepsis in children?
parent or clinician very concerned abnormal response to social cues/not smiling reduced activity, very sleepy parent/carer reports abnormal behaviour moderate tachypnoea SpO2 <91 or nasal flaring moderate tachycardia cap refill >3 seconds reduced urine output pale or flushed leg pain or cold extremities
what diseases are vaccinated against age 1?
Hib and meningococcal type C
pneumococcal
MMR
meningococcal type B
what diseases are vaccinated against age 2-11?
influenza (annually)
what diseases are vaccinated against at 3yrs, 4 months old?
diphtheria tetanus pertussis polio MMR
what diseases are vaccinated against in girls aged 11-13?
cervical cancer (HPV)
what diseases are vaccinated against around age 14?
tetanus, diphtheria and polio
meningococcal types YWCA
