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Child Health > Attachment Disorders > Flashcards

Attachment Disorders Flashcards

1
Q

what is RAD?

A

reactive attachment disorder
significant disturbance to child development and inappropriate social relatedness before the age of 5
individuals have difficulty forming lasting, loving relationships

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2
Q

what 3 things can cause RAD?

A

persistent disregard for childs emotional needs
persistent disregard for physical needs
repeated change of caregiver

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3
Q

what are the 2 main types of RAD?

A

inhibited
- children fail to initiate and respond to social interactions (e.g children don’t seek comfort from care giver when distressed)
disinhibited
- children are unable to display selective attachment (e.g child is too familiar with strangers)

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4
Q

describe the healthy vs alien self theory

A

alien self = children who develop RAD because the parent is not reciprocal with the child (does not respond to their emotions so child thinks they aren’t worth that sort of care)
this affects self esteem leading to an alien self (sense of self which is not real, just in response to neglect)

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5
Q

what can cause anger issues in children?

A

anger in RAD children can be shame based
can originate from humiliating abuses of power where they are made to feel worthless
shameful experiences can leave undercurrent of rage

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6
Q

name 4 conditions which can be mistaken for RAD?

A

conduct disorder
depression
ADHD
ASD

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7
Q

what is conduct disorder?

A

persistent behaviour where age appropriate norms or rules are consistently broken
still able to form meaningful relationships

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8
Q

how does conduct disorder present?

A 
aggression towards people or animals
destruction of property
theft
serious rule violation
commonly associated with ADHD
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9
Q

what are the types of conduct disorder?

A

mild-moderate = restricted to family environment
severe
- unsocialised = get caught by the law
- socialised = good at getting away with it

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10
Q

how is conduct disorder managed?

A

parent or child training
medication
- risperidone (antipsychotic)
- treat co-morbidities

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11
Q

how does depression differ to RAD?

A

sufferers of depression can form relationships with those who reach out to them

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12
Q

how does ASD differ to RAD?

A

ASD causes pervasive problems, RAD kids are more able to adapt their behaviour depending on what they get out of the relationship

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13
Q

how does ADHD differ to RAD?

A

ADHD difficulties are persistent, more able to initiate and maintain relationships

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14
Q

how does ADHD present (triad)?

A

inattention
hyperactivity
impulsivity
long standing from age 5

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15
Q

what causes ADHD?

A

genetics + environment

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16
Q

how is ADHD managed?

A

stimulant medication

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17
Q

how is a growth chart used?

A

take childs height and weight
plot it against their past height and weights
compare with average for their age and sex

18
Q

what are centile lines?

A

cross sections of normal growth curve

spaced at 2/3 of a standard deviation between each line

19
Q

what is SD?

A

measure of distance from the mean

20
Q

what is Z score?

A

number of SDs from the mean

21
Q

how is height recorded?

A

remove shoes
measure on expiration
record height to nearest mm with one decimal place

22
Q

what is PVH and when does this occur in boys and girls?

A

peak height velocity
girls = 12
boys = 14

23
Q

average height difference between men and women? what causes this?

A

12.5-14cm

due to boys reaching their PVH later than girls

24
Q

what is growth dependant on in infants, children and adolescents?

A 
infants = insulin + nutrition
children = GH
adolescents = sex hormones
25
Q

BMI is the best indicator of thinness/fatness after what age?

A

2 years

26
Q

normal centiles for weight?

A

normal = 25th-7th centile

27
Q

what centile is overweight?

A

> 91st centile

28
Q

when does puberty usually begin in girls?

A

11

29
Q

what defines precocious puberty in girls and boys?

A 
girls = breast development before 8
boys = before 9
30
Q

what are the 3 stages of puberty in girls?

A 
thelarche = breast budding/enlargement
adrenarche = pubic/axillary hair growth and sweat/odour
menarche = first period (should happen around 2 years after thelarche, marks last stage of puberty)
31
Q

what defines pubertal delay in boys and girls?

A 
boys = no testicular development by 14
girls = no breast development by 13
32
Q

when does puberty usually complete in girls and boys?

A 
girls = 16
boys = 17
33
Q

when does puberty begin in boys?

A

6 months later than girls (anything after 9 is normal)

34
Q

what is the first sign of puberty in boys?

A

testicular volume >4

35
Q

what 3 things occur in male puberty?

A

deepening voice
pubic/axillary/chest hair growth
enlarged penis/testes

36
Q

what are the 3 signs of post-puberty in boys?

A

fully broken voice
facial hair
adult sized penis

37
Q

how does weight affect growth in children and why?

A

obesity = faster growth
increase in number of fat cells increases the amount of leptin in the body
leptin can initiate puberty quicker

38
Q

in what direction does development occur in children?

A

cephalocaudal

39
Q

what is global delay?

A

delay in all 4 fields

  • gross motor
  • vision and fine motor
  • language and hearing
  • social and play
40
Q

how many fields are affected in specific delay?

A

only 1

41
Q

describe development at pre-school, primary school and adolescence stages?

A

pre-school = pre-operational
primary school = operational
adolescence = formal operational

Child Health (19 decks)

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