Preventing the entry of pathogen's into the body and Immune system

Question 1

How does skin prevent pathogens entering the body?

Answer 1

Skin forms a waterproof barrier.

Question 2

List some natural barriers against pathogens entering.

Answer 2

urine washes out microorganisms that enter the urinary tract.

body cavities such as nose and mouth are lined with mucous membranes which produce sticky mucus which can trap bacteria and other pathogens.

enzymes in the mucus

cilia in respiratory tract (throat), trap foreign material.
intact skin as can get through cuts.
stomach acid
phagocytes (fagocytes)

Question 3

the immune system, what happens when a pathogen enters your body ? give an example how our body can protect us

Answer 3

stomach acid kills pathogens

Question 4

Once pathogens are in our body, what do they do?

Answer 4

they damage the body cells and this makes us feel ill.

Question 5

How do the pathogens cause damage?

Answer 5

they release toxins and they damage cells.

Question 6

what does the white blood cell do to the pathogen?

Answer 6

the white blood cell moves towards the pathogen and injests them. injest means, take them in and absorb.

Question 7

explain the process of the white blood cell to the pathogen.

Answer 7

1 the white blood cell {phagocytes) moves towards the pathogen
2 the white blood cell attaches to the pathogen and folds the pathogen in
3 the pathogen is held in a protective ball within the white blood cell and is digested by enzymes
4 it is held until completely digested and killed (injested)

Question 8

What type of blood cell are they called?

Answer 8

called Phagocytes {say fagocytes)

Question 9

Phagocytes are not fast enough at tracking down pathogens, they need help. what helps?

Answer 9

A second type of white blood cell helps called Lymphocyytes.

Question 10

What do Lymphocytes do?

Answer 10

they release antibodies

Question 11

What do antibodies do?

Answer 11

antibodies stick to the pathogens, clumping them together.
this stops the pathogens spreading, releasing toxins and invading body cells.

Question 12

what are antibodies described as?

Answer 12

They are the white blood cells little helpers

Question 13

what do antibodies look like on diagrams?

Answer 13

Y {little birds feet!!!}

Question 14

Diagram of what happens to pathogens by white blood cells

Answer 14

Diagram