preventative medicine

Question 1

how has the health of the population changed over the past 100 years

Answer 1

life expectancy has increased

death rates have decreased.

Question 2

what factors have helped health of the population to improve

Answer 2

The NHS
herd immunity and vaccines
health and safety at work
sanitation
antibiotic development
improved nutrition
decreased rates of infectious disease.
quality of life improved- more green space.

Question 3

define preventative medicine

Answer 3

stop people from getting ill.

Question 4

what preventative medicine is given the pregnant women

Answer 4

folic acid to prevent neural tube defecsts

Question 5

what preventative medicines are given in early childhood

Answer 5

vaccinations

Question 6

what preventative medicine is given in teenagers

Answer 6

HPV vaccine

Question 7

what preventative medicine is given in women

Answer 7

cervical cancer screen.

Question 8

what preventative medicine is given to men

Answer 8

cervical cancer screen.

Question 9

there are 3 types of preventions, what are they

Answer 9

primary prevention
secondary prevention
tertiary prevention

Question 10

what is primary prevention

Answer 10

preventing the onset of disease- behaviour and environment

Question 11

what is secondary prevention

Answer 11

Halt progression once started- early diagnosis, screening health people.

Question 12

what is tertiary prevention

Answer 12

limit complication and disability is established disease

rehabilitation.

Question 13

does population health concern everybody’s health or just reducing the health of the population at highest risk

Answer 13

everybody’s health.
you need to think about the population at greatest risk and involve tertiary privation, but you should also include primary prevention to reduce the risk of people getting it in the first place.

Question 14

define high risk population approach

Answer 14

identify and treat the “top end” of the population distribution.

(case finding/ screening in general practice)

Question 15

define population approach

Answer 15

shift the mean of the entire distribution to the left.

increase exercise; reduce salt in diet; reduce obesity

Question 16

is encouraging lifestyle changes classed as population approach or high risk approach

Answer 16

population approach.

Question 17

define herd immunity

Answer 17

You get enough people in a population to become immunised that there is a low risk to people how haven’t been immunised of getting the disease

Question 18

define social capital

Answer 18

collective value of all “social networks” [who people know] and the inclinations that arise from these networks to do things for each other [“norms of reciprocity”].
(helps society function)

Question 19

Are policies and law changes classed as population or individual based prevention.

Answer 19

population based prevention.

Question 20

is screening of people classed as a population or individual based prevention.

Answer 20

individual based prevention.

Question 21

What were the main Wanless findings.

Answer 21

• Numerous policy statements and initiatives in the field of public health have not resulted on a rebalancing of policy away from health care (a “national sickness service”) to health (a “national health service”).
• There must be a realignment of incentives in the system to focus on reducing the burden of disease and tackling the key lifestyle and environmental risks.
• Recognising the NHS is only one contributor to delivering the public health agenda