Health needs assessment Flashcards
what is maslow’s hierarchy of needs
categorisation of needs into a hierarchy of basic physiological needs necessary for human life through to more spiritual needs
what are examples of physiological needs in maslow’s hierarchy
breathing, food, water, sex, sleep, homeostasis, excretion.
what are examples of safety needs in maslow’s hierarchy
security of body, of employment, of resources, of morality, of the family, of health, of property.
what are examples of love/belonging needs in maslow’s hierarchy
friendship, family, sexual intimacy
what are examples of esteem in maslow’s hierarchy
self esteem, confidence, achievement, respect for others, repeat by others
what are examples of self actualisation in maslow’s hierarchy
morality, creativity, spontaneity, problem solving,lack of prejudice, acceptance of facts.
what is the order of needs in maslow’s hierarchy
physiological, safety, love and belonging, esteem, self actualisation
what does bradshaw taxonomy describe
people’s needs
define normative need of bradshaw taxonomy
need which is identified according to the norm (norms are set by experts)
define comparative need of bradshaw taxonomy
concerns problems which emerge by comparison with others who are not in need e.g. comparison of social problems in different areas in order to determine which areas are most deprived.
define felt need of bradshaw taxonomy
the need which people feel. This is a perspective need.
define expressed need of bradshaw taxonomy
the need which people say they have People can feel need which they do not express and they can express needs they do not feel
what is need defined as in medicine
individual has a illness or disability for which there is effective and acceptable treatment care.
what factors effect need
underlying incidence
prevalence.
these are dependent on genetic, socio-cultural and environmental factors.
factors affecting demand
perception and knowledge of disease and consequences as well as the perceived quality of service.
media, medical influences, social cultural and educational infleunces.
factors affecting supply
history of supply
public and political pressure
give an example of a service which has a need but no demand or supply
Family planning and contraceptive services in low and middle income countries.
give an example of a service which has a demand but no supply or need
Patients may ask for (demand) expectorants for coughs and colds
However, cough mixtures are ineffective and should be seldom prescribed (no need or supply)
give an example of a service which has supply but nor demand or need.
provision of routine health checks in people over 75 years are not usually requested (no demand), but in some general practices they are provided (supply).
give an example of a service which has a need and demand but no supply.
Methadone maintenance programmes can reduce the physical risks of heroin addiction and may increase the chance of drug misusers giving up (need), but it is not always available
give an example of a service which has a demand and supply but no need.
People may request (demand) and be prescribed (supply) long-acting benzodiazepines (sleeping tablets) for insomnia.In the long term this is not effective (no need)
give and example of a service which has need and supply but no demand
Even when it is offered, not all health-care staff take up the opportunity of hepatitis B immunisation (supply but no demand)
Yet they are at risk of hepatitis B infection and immunisation is effective at preventing it (need)
what is a health needs assessment and why do we carry it out.
Systematic method for reviewing the health issues facing a population.
Leads to agreed priorities and resource allocation that will improve and reduce inequalities
what is the first step in a health needs assessment
defining the population.
what is the second step in a health needs assessment
Identify your stakeholders
public/patient- patient support groups.
national- department of health, NHS England, public health England.
local government-public health directorate, social services, education authority, housing department.
NHS commissioners
CCG’s
NHS providers
GP’S, hospitals.
Third sector organisation- charities
Private sector organisations
professional bodies
royal colleges
why do you involve stakeholders in the process.
Bring expertise and resources (people and money)
Ownership of process increases chance recommendations will be accepted (once the assessment has been carried put as they have had more input)
Opportunity to get to know each other to facilitate future collaboration
what are the different types of health assessment needs
epidemiological
comparative
corporate
what is a epidemiological health needs assessment
measure health status of a population
evaluate means of addressing identified health problems
can be difficult and expensive
what is a comparative health needs assessment
Compare with service provision in similar populations
What if they have got it wrong?
Corporate
what is a corporate health needs assessment
Ask experts
Usually local experts with vested interest!
How do we measure epidemiology
looking for variations in frequency of disease
• In one place compared to another
• Over time, looking for increasing or decreasing trends
• Or between different population sub groups, e.g. age, gender, or ethnicity.
PLACE, TIME and PERSON.
what factors must be considered when addressing a patients health assessments need
epideiemiology demographics ethnic minority population density deprivation
why is it important to look at age groups specifically in health assessment needs data
different age groups will have much higher mortality rates of a certain type
e.g.- congenital malformations are much higher in children
in terms of health events the number of events decreases from people carrying out the behaviours to people attending appointment to people dying (you only die once), however the pyramid is inverted when the quality and quantity of information is concerned the birth and death has higher numbers than for those who report to carryout the behaviour.
Is this statement true
Yes
how is ill health most commonly measured
hospital appointments.
