demography Flashcards
what factors are taken into account from a patients perspective of their health
focus on health, risk factors, exposures, causal mechanisms in people as individuals
what factors are taken into account from a population perspective of their health
focus on disorder,exposures, causal mechanisms in people as a group.
what factors drive a countries population change
birth, marriage, migration, ageing and death.
define fertility
live births per 1000 women
what are the main reasons of the decline in the 70s for fertility in the 20-24 year olds, to a increase in the 35-40 age group
contraception more accesible
education-both in terms of delaying marriage and providing skills to control contraception.
Changes in support for families (maternal and paternal leave and tax credits)
define birth rate
number of live births
what is the denominator for crude birth rate
men and women of all ages
what is the denominator for fertility rate
women of reproductive age (15-44/49)
what population data information is used to calculate fertility rate and birth rate (is it
mid year population
what is a better indicator of reproductive behaviour
fertility rate or birth rate
do men or women have higher mortality rates
males
when are mortality rates high
infancy
after 50
why has there been a reduction in the women’s mortality rate over 40
improved maternal mortality and sanitation
does crude death rate account for the difference in death rates of both male and females
No
why has life expectancy increased
fall in infant and neonatal mortality
sanitation,better working and housing conditions.
define cohort life expectancy
calculated using age-specific mortality rates which allow for known or projected changes in mortality in later years and are thus regarded as a more appropriate.
define period life expectancy
at a given age for an area is the average number of years a person would live, if he or she experienced the particular age specific mortality rate for the time period throughout her life.
what decade did the increase in migration occur
2000’s
what are the main reasons behind migration
social, political, economic
what do population pyramids show
Displays the age sex of a population
what shapes are the pyramids of both developing countries and developed countries
developing countries- barrel shaped
developed countries- barrel shaped.
what is the demographic transition
is a general pattern of changes in death rates, population growth, and birth rates that appears during the process of modernization.
what happens in stage one of the demographic transition model
birth and death rate high
what happens in stage two of the demographic transition model
death rate fall due to sanitation
