Introduction to promoting health

Question 1

define health promotion

Answer 1

the process of enabling people to increase control over and to improve their health and maintain well being.

Question 2

what are the determinants of health

Answer 2

lifestyle choices

healthcare- focuses on individual health not population health.

Question 3

what is the ottawa charter used for

Answer 3

health promotion

Question 4

what are the 5 key points in the ottawa charter

Answer 4

1- building healthy public policy
2-creating supportive environments
3-strenghtening community actions
4-developing personal skills
5- re- orientating health services towards prevention of illness and promotion of health.

Question 5

what were the basic statergies for health promotion categorised as

Answer 5

advocate
enable
mediate

Question 6

define advocate

Answer 6

health is a resource for social and developmental means, thus the dimensions which affect these factors must be changed.

Question 7

define enable

Answer 7

health equity must be reached where individuals must become empowered to control the determinants that affect their health such that they are able to reach the highest attainable quality of life.

Question 8

define mediate

Answer 8

Health promotion cannot be achieved by the health sector alone; rather its success will depend on the collaboration of all sectors of government (social, economic, etc.) as well as independent organizations (media, industry, etc.).

Question 9

how can health promotion be achieved by developing personal skills.

Answer 9

Provision of information and enhancement of life skills- e.g. change 4 life was developed for parents to use so that they are educated and are more aware and can make healthy lifestyle choices for their children.

Question 10

how can community actions be strengthened

Answer 10

inform- provide information
motivate-suggest ways that suit individual.
consult-obtain public feedback

Question 11

how do you obtain public feedback

Answer 11

Community engagement- obtaining patient views and involving them in research.
You primarily inform the public with balanced objective information to assist them with understanding the problem, alternatives
Obtain public feedback on analysis of alternatives.
Work with the public to clear up concerns and place final decision-making in the hands of the public

Question 12

define empower

Answer 12

A multi-dimensional social process that:
• helps people gain control over their own lives
• fosters power in people, for use in their own lives, their communities, and in their society, by acting on issues that they define as important

Question 13

how can health coaching helps heath promotion

Answer 13

increase patient activation, confidence, compliance and healthy behaviours.
needs to be personalised for the patient.

Question 14

how can you re-orientate health services in order to promote health

Answer 14

money is split between treatment and prevention

Question 15

what are the 5 approaches to health promotion

Answer 15

medical or preventive.
behavioural change.
educational.
empowerment.
social change.

Question 16

what are the disadvantages to medical or preventative health promotion.

Answer 16

paternalistic approach- lead by health professionals.

ignores the social determinants of health.

Question 17

what does the behavioural change involve

Answer 17

focuses on individuals

Question 18

what is the logic behind behavioural change health promotion

Answer 18

Gets individuals to reflect on

attitudes- behaviour- responsibility and choice.

Question 19

what is the educational approach

Answer 19

Enables individuals to make informed choices.
information- knowledge- skill
relies on individuals to make the right choice.
ignores social determinants of health

Question 20

define social determinants of health

Answer 20

WHO: conditions in which people are born, grow, live, work and age. These circumstances are shaped by the distribution of money, power and resources at global, national and local levels.

Question 21

does the empowerment approach take social determinants of health not consideration

Answer 21

Yes

Question 22

Individuals address their concerns and with the help of the doctor come up with a solution - they are more likely to be compliant. what aspect of health promotion is this

Answer 22

empowerment

Question 23

what is the social change approach

Answer 23

change in society not in individuals

physical and social environment- healthier choices.

Question 24

how can politics influence social change

Answer 24

changes in the law.

Question 25

what aspects about a patients does social and epidemiological assessment look at.

Answer 25

looks at the patient’s quality of life and their health.

Question 26

what factors about a patient must be known before you into interventions for the patient

Answer 26

genetics, behaviour and environment.

Question 27

what factors do you look for that can help to make the intervention to work.

Answer 27

• Predisposing- knowledge, attitudes, beliefs
• Reinforcing- incentives, disincentives.
• Barriers and facilitators e.g. access availability

Question 28

what is the first step in implementing a health promotion

Answer 28

social and epidemiological assessment.

Question 29

what are the 9 stages of any health promotion

Answer 29

1- social and epidemiological assessment.
2-look at patients genetics, behaviours and environment
3-come up with where the appropriate intervention
4- look at factors present to help intervention.
5-administer policy
6- implement policy
7- process and evaluate policy
8- impact the intervention has had
9- outcome and evalutation

Question 30

major problems in evaluating health intervention programs

Answer 30

• May involve very long-term social, behavioural or environmental changes
• Outcomes not easily measured or defined
• Different stakeholders and staff members may have different goals (not always shared)
• Evaluation can be expensive (costs often out of proportion with cost of the intervention) and resource consuming (time and personnel)
• Difficult to control external influences

Question 31

who should promote health

Answer 31

individuals, government and doctors.